Tuesday, December 17, 1907, News Hour

The Fairmont West Virginian:

12.17.07 - pg 1 - article headline

Ohio Inspector George Harrison publishes his statement after returning to Columbus. “Notwithstanding that conditions point to a coincidence of peculiar circumstances as leading to the explosion it seems premature to form any final opinion of the cause until a thorough investigation has been made in all parts of the mines.” (FWV 12.17.07 pg. 2)

12.17.07 - pg 1 - summary of relief funds

12.17.07 - pg 7 - Monongah poem - detail 112.17.07 - pg 7 - Monongah poem - detail 2

12.17.07 - pg 7 - Monongah poem - detail 3
FWV 12.17.07 pg. 7
Clarksburg Daily Telegram:
12.17.07 - pg 1 - Gypsy mine donates
CDT 12.17.07 pg. 1
12.17.07 - pg 3 - Gold Buttons for Monongah
CDT 12.17.07 pg. 3

“There has been a persistent knock here against the raising of funds for the Monongah sufferers. This should not be so. The Telegram has a supreme faith in humanity and believes that the families of the victims of the mine horror will be as treated as the funds and donations justify. Honorable men and women have enlisted in the great cause with a single end in view—that of aiding and comforting the distressed.” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 4)

“The relief committee has invited the newspapers, even appealed to them to come to the aid of the mine sufferers at Monongah. The Telegram volunteered its services the night after the awful disaster and it assures the public that it is still earnestly enlisted in that service. Other papers may hold aloof, but not so with this paper, when it sees a chance to help humanity.” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 4)

“Senator McDermott is of the opinion that the trip of cars breaking loose caused the mine horror at Monongah. Who knows that he is not right?” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 4)

“Our people should not forget that anything they have of value at all the humanity will be cheerfully and thankfully accepted by the mine sufferers at Monongah.” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 4)

“Two hundred thousand dollars is the amount the relief committee at Monongah appeals for. That means that much more money must be raised. Clarksburg has done well so far but there are thousands in the city who have not given to the fund. Think it over. Give something if you can.” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 4)

CDT 12.17.07 - pg 8 - Donations to Monongah 1

CDT 12.17.07 - pg 8 - Donations to Monongah 2
CDT 12.17.07 pg. 8

CDT 12.17.07 - pg 10 - None blamed for Monongah

“In this report Senator McDermott endeavors to relieve the Fairmont Coal Company of any responsibility for the explosion which snuffed out the lives of approximately 500 men and boys. Neither does he attribute it to any carelessness on the part of the miners. This is the first official statement made relative to the cause of the disaster.” (CDT 12.17.07 pg. 10)

Washington Herald in D.C.:
12.17.07 - pg 12 - Monongah
(WH 12.17.07 pg. 12)
Washington Times in D.C.:

“C.L. Magee, secretary of the National Red Cross, has received over $500 for the benefit and relief of the sufferers…” (WT 12.17.07 pg. 14)

“Contributions have come from all sections of the country and many of the State branches making collection have not yet reported to the headquarters here. Consequently, it is expected this sum will be greatly increased.” (WT 12.17.07 pg. 14)

Rock Island Argus in Illinois:

12.1707. - pg 1 - Yolande 1

RIA 12.17.07. - pg 1 - Yolande 2
RIA 12.17.07. – pg 1
The Interior Journal in Kentucky:
12.17.07 - pg 2 - Monongah
IJ 12.17.07 pg 2
The Paducah Evening Sun in Kentucky:
PES 12.17.07 - pg 7 - Monongah
PES 12.17.07 pg 7
The Caucasian in Louisiana:
TC 12.17.07 - pg 4 - Monongah
TC 12.17.07 – pg 4
Bennington Evening Banner in Vermont:
BEB 12.17.07 - pg 7 - Monongah 1
BEB 12.17.07 – pg 7
The Evening Statesman in Washington:
TES 12.17.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 1
TES 12.17.07 – pg 1
Bluefield Evening Leader in West Virginia:

BEL 12.17.07 - pg 2 - Monongah

“Sometimes a frightful shock is necessary to impel proper legislation. This would seem to be the case with the recent Monongah mine disaster,…” (BEL 12.17.07 pg. 2)

“West Virginia has had an unusual number of casualties within the past year, and our legislators should hasten some method which will prevent a repetition of the horrible affair at Monongah.” (BEL 12.17.07 pg. 2)

“Mining is one of the most dangerous industries in which labor is engaged and every possible means should be adopted to protect the lives of those who toil in the mines.” (BEL 12.17.07 pg. 2)

Wausau Pilot in Wisconsin:
WP 12.17.07 - pg 3 - Monongah 1
WP 12.17.07 – pg 3
12.17.07 - pg 3 - Monongah photo
WP 12.17.07 – pg 3
The Dectaur Herald in Illinois:
TDH 12.17.07 - pg 3 - Monongah 1
TDH 12.17.07 – pg 3
The Evansville Press in Indiana:

12.17.08 - pg 1 - Yolande 1

TEP 12.17.08 - pg 1 - Yolande 2
TEP 12.17.08 – pg 1
Cumberland Evening Times in Maryland:

12.17.07 - pg 1 - Aid 1

“A reorganization of the relief committee in charge of relief work for the families affected by the Monongah mine disaster has been effected and now the new committee will push the work of providing relief for the needy.” (CET 12.17.07 pg. 1)

12.17.07 - pg 1 - Yolande 1

CET 12.17.07 - pg 1 - Yolande 2
CET 12.17.07 – pg 1

 

 

 

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Saturday, December 7, 1907, News Hour, 6:00 pm

“Today it seemed like a continual procession of men carrying out corpses. The bringing up of each mangled form would be followed by a rush from women and men around the mines looking for their dead ones.” (TEP 12.7.07 pg. 1)

~6:00 pm

Monongah-Mine-Disaster-Carloads-of-Coffins-Ptt-Prs-Dec-7-1907
PP 12.7.07 pg 1

“All day long today little groups of men brought dead bodies from the mines…” (TEP 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“Five additional bodies were taken out of the mine at 6 o’clock tonight, making twenty up to date.” (WH 12.8.07 pg. 1)

“The rescuers say they have about seventy others in sight, which they will bring out within the next few hours. All of these are in No. 6 and so far, nothing has been done toward recovering the dead in No. 8, where the gases are strongest.” (WH 12.8.07 pg. 1)

“The fumes from the explosion and decomposition of bodies has greatly hampered the work.” (WT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“…the shafts and tunnels are still filled with smoke and gas.” (WT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“Although there are great crowds about the mine entrance there are innumerable women and children crouching in modest homes awaiting what they know must come—the blackened remains of a husband, of a father, of a brother.” (WT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

Governor Dawson has arrived in Charleston from Washington D.C. (FWV 12.7.07 – pg.1)

Newspapers

12.7.07 - pg 1 - Major headlines

The Ladies’ Auxiliary of Christ Protestant Episcopal Church is the first social organization in city to offer financial aid. They announce that they will be giving proceeds from their musical planned for Dec. 11 to the Monongah relief aid. (McAteer)

12.7.07 - pg 1 - Ladies Guild show

The paper also informs the Fairmont populace of just a few miners who regularly traveled from Clarksburg to work in the mines.

12.7.07 - pg 1 -Clarksburg relatives

The Clarksburg Daily Telegram startles the public with its evening headline:

“President C.W. Watson in a brief interview stated that he had nothing definite to give out as to the cause, but from the small amount of smoke, he judged it was caused by dust, which ignited from a small pocket of gas, or a blown out shot.” (CDT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“Mr. Watson explained that the two mines were connected for the purpose of giving more openings.” (CDT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“General Manager Lee Malone of the Fairmont Coal Company in an interview at the scene of the horror, given to the Telegram representative, stated that there were 450 men in the mine at the time of the explosions and that he was of the firm belief that all were dead.” “He pointed out that there was nothing particularly strange about there being an explosion in both mines at once, one immediately after the other, as the two mines are on the same side of the river instead of opposite side, as first reported,…” (CDT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

They report that on the 6th: “George Bice, a member of the rescue party at mine No 8 was overcome by the afterdamp, brought to the surface unconscious and died shortly afterward.” And that, “A man named Stuart of the rescue party was also overcome by the afterdamp. He was brought above unconscious but soon revived and will doubtless recover.” (CDT 12.7.07 pg. 1)

Luckily, the George Bice did not die. In fact, he may have never been overcome with gas at all. There were, however, 3 men among the rescue crews who will die in the process, more than likely from inhaling too many toxic fumes: John Neary, and brothers Maurice and Richard Beedle.

When it comes to publishing the names of the dead, the Telegram focuses entirely on the names of known Americans.

The D.C. Evening Star publishes a list of just the West Virginia Mine Disasters of 1907.

12.7.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 2
ES 12.7.07 pg 1

The Rock Island Argus of Illinois published a list of all mining disasters in 1907:

12.7.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 2

In Iowa, the Evening Times Republican informs their readers that:

12.7.07 - pg 7 - Brothers in mines
ETR 12.7.07 pg. 7

The Times Dispatch in Virginia publishes a (very) rough map of where Monongah lies in the state:

12.7.07 - pg 2 - Monongah cont. 4
TD 12.7.07 pg. 2

The Cumberland Evening Times is already trying to clear up confusion and rumors:

“The terrible mine disaster at Fairmont, W.Va., caused unusual excitement up along the George’s Creek region, due to the fact that a number of miners in that section had sought employment in the West Virginia territory.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“At this writing, however, but one miner from this county is known to have been killed by the explosion. He was John Herman, who resided at Eckhart until about two years ago, when he removed to Fairmont, and was employed in mine No. 8 when the explosion occurred.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“A sister of the unfortunate man, living at Eckhart, was notified by wire yesterday afternoon that her brother had been killed and last evening three other brothers, John, Jacob and Frank Herman, all of whom live at Eckhart, went to Fairmont to recover the body.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“The deceased was 37 years of age, and leaves a wife and one child.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“Joseph Milkowsy, another miner formerly residing at Eckhart, is also employed at one of the mines at Fairmont, but whether he was one of the victims of the terrible disaster could not be learned.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

They also report that, “Messrs. Philip Jenkins, Sr., Philip Jenkins, Jr., Edward Jenkins, E.T. Thomas, William Hensell, Alex Crawford, and Andrew Crawford, left today for Fairmont, W.Va., to assist in the work of rescuing the miners who were killed in the mine disaster at Fairmont yesterday.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“The above relief corps will remain at the scene of the horrible calamity until the last victim has been taken out of the mines.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

“This action on the part of the Frostburg contingent is purely for sympathy’s sake.” (CET 12.7.07 pg. 1)

Like several other papers, The Buffalo Enquirer of New York is not only reporting that, at noon, workers are still battling the early morning fire from #8, they are already telling their populace, “Yesterday the company officials endeavored to keep the number of men in the ill-fated mine down as much as possible.” (TBE 12.7.07 pg. 1)

The Evening Star in Washington D.C. reports:

“It is thought that by tonight the full extent of the horror will be known, and it is feared the knowledge of this will precipitate even more pitiful scenes than those of today, with hysteria in all of its devious forms rampant among the populace. Precautions have already been taken to prevent these harrowing manifestations of grief, but there is little hope that they will avail.” (ES 12.7.07 pg. 1 – 2)

C.W. Watson, president of the Consolidation Coal Company, dictated the following statement to the Associated Press:

“The accident is deplorable from any standpoint. It was entirely unexpected. As yet we do not know the exact cause of the explosion.

“It might have resulted from a blown out shot igniting a pocket of gas. About 50 per cent of the mine accidents of the country are caused in this manner. It is probable the present one resulted from the same cause. We will conduct a rigid investigation. Investigations, however, will not benefit the dead miners. Their families will be looked after. The company will bury all the dead. Every facility within the power of the company is being extended to all newspapermen in order that the general public may be accurately informed as to the disaster. We have nothing to conceal and are pleased to give whatever information we can.”  (ES 12.7.07 pg. 2)

~6:30 pm

In Monongah:

“Up to 6:30 o’clock tonight twenty-two bodies had been brought to the surface from mines Nos. 6 and 8… Over 100 bodies have been found.” (ODB 12.8.07 pg. 1)

“President C.W. Watson of the mining company in a statement to the Associated Press today said every possible investigation would be made of the disaster to ascertain its cause and fix responsibility.” (ODB 12.8.07 pg. 1)

 

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December 5, 1907 – Eve of St. Nicholas Feast Day

 “The dawn of a new era of prosperity is here.” (FWV 12.5.07 pg. 1)

During the day:

The country is beginning “to recover from the severe shock of the recent panic” on Wall Street. “Naturally there was a little scare at first, but when the people saw that there were rotten spots only here and there they quickly recovered from their fright.” (FWV 12.5.07 pg. 1)

In Pennsylvania:
12.5.07 - pg 1 - Naomi
FWV 12.5.07 pg 1
In Washington D.C.:

Gov. Dawson of West Virginia gives the opening speech at the river convention. (FWV 12.5.07 pg. 1)

“He said his state was particularly interested in the comprehensive improvement of the inland waterways of the country…The governor referred particularly to the resources of West Virginia, the State being second in the production of coal and fifth or sixth in hard wood timber. The bulk of the coal has to find a market outside of the State and if, by water transportation, the state could save the ten cents a ton it would aggregate $3,000,000 a year.” (FWV 12.6.07 pg. 1)

“’We are one people and have a common destiny,’ said he, in conclusion. ‘We want nothing in West Virginia that is forbidden to any other part of the country; but I say to you, gentlemen, that we want to be ready for the Panama Canal when the great waterway is ready for us.’” (FWV 12.6.07 pg. 1)

In Grafton:

Sam Furk, an Italian, has been held for the grand jury on the charge of extorting money at the point of a revolver from several of his fellow countrymen of this section.” An Italian witness from the same area of Italy as Sam Furk ‘testifies’ that Furk is wanted on two murder charges back in Italy, “so it is probable that the local authorities will take up this matter with the Italian embassy at Washington.” (CDT 12.5.07 pg. 1)

“The hearing developed the fact that Furk had been playing the hold-up game among members of his race successfully at Brooklyn, N.Y., Rowlesburg, Manheim, Fairmont, Clarksburg and Grafton.” (CDT 12.5.07 pg. 1)

“Furk is in jail here.” (CDT 12.5.07 pg. 1)

In Fairmont:

The Fairmont West Virginian reports the weather as: Fair tonight and Friday, warmer Friday

In Monongah:

Mines #6 & #8 are not running at full production today but the fans continue running for the skeleton crew inside. Due to the recent stock market crash, there is still a lack of orders & a majority of the working immigrant population will be celebrating the eve of St. Nicholas Feast Day tonight. In these days of “miner’s freedom”, many miners would choose not to go to work during their holidays.

In the Afternoon

In Fairmont:

The Isabella Davis Circle of King’s Daughters opens their annual Christmas Bazaar in the Sunday school room of M.E. Church on Main Street in Fairmont. “The different booths are all decorated in the Christmas colors red and green the color scheme being carried out by the use of crepe paper and autumn leaves in the colors.” (FWV 12.5.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

Anestis Stamboulis & several Greek miners take advantage of the holiday and good weather. They take a walk up into the hills surrounding the town and pick some wild mushrooms to be used for dinner. (McAteer)

~5:30 pm – 6 pm

In Monongah:

The Who’s Who Club of Wahoo (a neighborhood of Monongah) holds its monthly meeting where they “disposed of large quantities of the amber fluid, red liquor and refreshments of all varieties.” 8 members will not go into work tomorrow but will end up digging graves. (McAteer)

Homer Pyle and his mother are “sitting before the bright blazing fire” at their home,“…he said let us have a song for it is too cold to go over in town tonight, so he and his mother sang two or three songs and the last song was ‘Will There be Any Stars in My Crown?’”

“But little did Homer think that the next evening he wouldn’t be alive to sing with his mother.” (FWV 12.19.07 pg. 2)

At the mines:

The night shift skeleton crew comes onto work.

Over the next 12 hours these workers will do various jobs throughout the mines.

Inside #8

Peter J. McGraw came in for his fire boss shift around 6 pm.

He does his examinations of the mine alone.

He finds water in 4th left so significant that he can’t get in there to properly examine the heading. (Inquiry)

map - McGraw - water

Inside #6

22-year-old Lester E. Trader arrives for his fire boss shift around 6 pm. (Inquiry, McAteer)

Trader inherited his job when the previous fire boss got sick during Trader’s apprenticing. Trader lacked 3 years necessary experience, training, and certification for his official position so he was kept on the night shift so as to “not run into the inspector”. (McAteer)

Trader worked alone like most fire bosses. He led a horse drawn water cart to sprinkle the mine walls in order to dampen any renegade coal dust.

To check for dangerous gas levels, he used a Wolf Safety Lamp to check for methane. However, due to the size of #6 mine, Trader cannot check everywhere.

~7:00 pm

At the mines:

Libberato Delesandro works the night shift, “helping to get #6 and #8 through together”. (Inquiry)

Inside #8:

Tony Pasquaele arrives to work and drives the horse-drawn water cart in #8 through the night. “The watering carts carried large wooden barrels filled with 300 gallons of water; perforated ends of the barrels were plugged by wooden combs that could be removed to allow water to sprinkle out.” (McAteer)

As he is leading the horse and water cart, he notices that the heading is “a little dry” for this time of year. (Inquiry)

Tony is also responsible for pumping out any rising or standing water which had seeped into the mines. His pattern is systematic; he “would start the pumps then go water mines for a bit, and then would check back on the pumps every 2 hours to see how they were doing.” (Inquiry)

Inside #6:

Ludwig Strezelecki works at F face: 1st right, room 15. His task for the night involves working with his brother-in-law taking out stumps and finishing the headings.

Night

It is the eve of St. Nicholas Day for Italian Catholic and some Polish Catholic immigrants.

At night, the families gather around their coal stoves or fireplaces (if they are fortunate enough to have a fireplace) and tell stories, sing hymns, or verse simple rhymes about St. Nicholas De Bari.

Polish- St Nick rhyme-mamalisa
Polish rhyme to St. Nicholas
Italian - St Nick rhyme - mamalisa
Italian rhyme for St. Nicholas

Children leave their shoes lined up side-by-side next to the door, window, or hearth. If possible, some would place bits of carrot, oat, or hay inside as a gift for the trusty mule/white horse which traveled along with St. Nicholas as he delivered small gifts.

8:00 pm

In Clarksburg:

At the Bacon & Godfrey skating rink a “Who’s Who” Carnival is held. “Upon entering the rink, you will be furnished with a false head or some contrivance of that kind which will make it almost impossible for your mother to even know you. With everybody thus attired the big show will start, with everyone wondering who is who.”   (CDT 12.5.07 pg. 1)

~10:00 pm

Inside #8:

Homer C. Palmer (electrician) arrives for his night shift.

Through the night:

Inside the mines:

The main ways of the mines are watered.

Fire bosses like Lester Trader and P.J. McGraw walk their respective mine checking for dangerous conditions in both #6 and #8.

Inside #8:

George Bice dug coal (pick work) on 5th right, 2nd north in #8

MF7

Inside #6:

Fred Cooper (motorman) sprinkled headings in #6. (Inquiry)

In Monongah:

Not long after the children have fallen to sleep, several parents quietly replace the bits of hay or carrot in their children’s shoes with a sweet treat, like candy or fruit, and a small present—typically a (gold) coin.

 

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Tuesday, December 3, 1907

Morning

At the Naomi mines in Pennsylvania:
12.03.07 - pg 1 - Naomi
CDT 12.03.07 pg. 1
In Fairmont:

Very icy conditions – “The walking…was very treacherous and many people got falls” (FWV 12.4.07 pg. 8)

Mrs. Jacob M Watkins of 5th ward fell and broke her wrist.

Miss Edith Frey slipped on icy pavement on her way to school and broke her elbow.

Mrs. Ellis Billingsiea fell and was unconscious for some time. No broken bones.

Mr. Crawford M. Shaw, a well-known B&O Engineer, fell on icy pavement and broke his arm.

Mrs. J.M. Watkins fell at home on Locust Ave and broke her wrist.

 

Afternoon

The Women’s Auxiliary of Christ Episcopal church routinely shift hostesses for their meetings. Today the collective leaves Fairmont on the 2:00 pm trolley headed for Monongah. After about a 20 minute ride, they meet up with their hostess, Mrs. Ruckman at Monongah. (FWV 12.2.07 pg. 8)

FB_IMG_1512224499627

Night

In Viropa (mining town one mile north of Shinnston):

 

Fire destroys the houses of five miners.  “As there was no means of fighting the fire except by volunteer bucket brigade another house was dynamited to prevent the flames from reaching a large boarding house and the mine tipple.” (CDT 12.4.07 pg. 8)

The houses actually belong to the Fairmont Coal Company. “The company’s loss is between $3,000 and $4,000, but the property was fully insured. The houses were occupied by foreigners who saved most of their household goods.” (CDT 12.4.07 pg. 8)

 

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Monday, December 2, 1907

In Monongah:

Both #6 and #8 mines are working
Ben Coon is working as the stable boss at #8 with Charlie Dean having general supervision over the work.
Leo Dominico notices a toad hole in the roof while working in #8 mine (Inquiry)

 

At Naomi mines in Pennsylvania:
12.2.07 - pg 1 - Naomi mine
FWV 12.2.07 pg 1 morn

Night

12.2.07 - pg 1 - Naomi
FWV 12.2.07 pg 1 eve.
Whington, PA

William May, whose brother was one of those entombed in the Naomi mine is held up by 3 masked men on his way to the disaster scene. William did not hear about the Naomi disaster until Monday night. 3 men stopped him on his way to the streetcar, held him at gunpoint, searched his clothes, took his money and a gold watch. William had to go back home to get more money before going to disaster scene. (FWV 12.4.07 pg. 4)

 

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By: Katie Orwig

How Death Gloated! is a collection of numerous resources and publications on the history of the Monongah Mine Disaster. They are arranged and presented in the form of a timeline of events as this better helps my own organization when it comes to working on my historic fiction about Monongah.

The title is taken from a newspaper article published on December 10, 1907 in the Cumberland Evening Times.

12.11.07 - pg 11 - Monongah 6

This timeline is not to be blindly trusted and is constantly subject to future change as I come across any new information. However, as far as I have found in my few years of formal research on this topic, I have yet to come across anything like a detailed timeline of events so I felt obligated to share this form of organizing my research despite the fact that I don’t think it will ever be a finished product.

I’d like to inform you of specific choices I made for How Death Gloated! so that it may help you navigate the information better:

  1. Certain events included in this timeline may have only come with time stamps like “this afternoon,” or “early morning”. In these instances I would do my best to consider the context of the original source, cross check with other sources for anything which may conflict or concur the event being described, and then do my best to estimate the approximate time this event may have occurred based on what information I had to that point. Sometimes an event could get more accurately placed later on when more information is obtained, and sometimes it will remain in its ‘best guess’ slot.
  2. I have not included ALL of my information. Some events which matter very much to the research for my historic fiction but are not necessary to the format and purpose of How Death Gloated!, have been omitted…for now. Almost all of these are just waiting for more clarification on where they should be placed, while the others have more of a storytelling/narrative intent and will not be included at all. For many of these issues, I will be making and posting separate journal entries about the problems they pose.
  3. When considering my sources and their provided information, I often gave greatest partiality to the people of Monongah and the stories I heard through my life about the disaster. They often discussed the wrong information which was spread vs. what they knew or grew up hearing themselves.

These resources include contemporary newspaper, journal, and magazine accounts; photographs from various points in time; documentaries; published texts; personal accounts, etc. They will also be consistently updated.

These resources and the cited information contained on this site are not presented with the intention of formal citation.

In less formal lingo, please cite the source I cited for this information whenever possible.

If you have any questions about any of the information or a citation is unclear or missing, please contact me and I will do my best to answer any of your questions, point you in a possible direction for more information, or clear up something I probably just overlooked.

Please feel free to leave comments or discuss the events with myself and others here or on other media platforms. I welcome conversation and discussion on this matter as I feel collaboration on historic matters is absolutely vital.