corpses – Page 6 – The Monongah Disaster

Thursday, December 12, 1907, News Hour

“The disaster at Monongah seems too terrible to contemplate, too pathetic for feeble words to describe. The imagination wanders in vain through the realms of philosophy and religion for a reason for such events.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg 2)

~6:00 pm

C.W. Watson gives a statement that: “After a careful census of the community we can say positively that the death list does not exceed 338. A total of 320 bodies have been recovered. All working places in Nos 6 & 8 have been explored. Some additional bodies may be found under wreckage or falls. Of the accounted for list of 338 a few may be found safe. A large force of men are now looking for bodies under falls.” (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 1)

Newspapers

Fairmont West Virginian:

“Although it will be a week tomorrow since the Monongah mine disaster, the story is still holding front page position on many of the leading daily papers both outside and inside of the state. Conditions in that regard will hardly change until the search for bodies is given up and the findings in the coroner’s jury are reported.” (FWV 12.12.06 pg. )

“The total relief receipts so far reported amount to $34,651.15 which seems to some to be a large amount but when it is considered there are 300 widows and 1,000 orphan children to divide this amount with it brings the amount per capita down to $26.65 which is a small sum to go through winter on to say nothing of their welfare for future years. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“To name each person from here who has been to Monongah since Friday noon would be to almost mention by name the total population of Hoult and the vicinity.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“At first, people seemed dazed by the news and nobody took in its full import seemingly and are just now beginning to realize the awfulness of the terrible tragedy that has happened at our very doors.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“We notice a refrain constantly repeated in all the Fairmont papers that ‘nobody’s to blame’ least of all the Fairmont Coal Company…Why the necessity for all this? The echo of the explosion had scarcely wore out with which brush and pot of whitewash and had begun to administer a snowwhite coat to everybody connected with the Fairmont Coal Company.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“For instance, it was said that nobody around here believes that the coal company is in any way to blame, that the company’s employees all felt that there was no dissatisfaction, etc. Now on the contrary the writer has heard the company bitterly arraigned and condemned since the explosion, often by miners. I have talked with scores of people all of whom declare that the fans were not run at Monongah on Thursday, that as the day was an ‘off-day’ the fans were stopped two nights and a day to save expense and started again a few hours before the explosion. I don’t know that it’s true but it is one of the most persistent rumors or report circulated about the explosion and is believed by practically everybody and I have seen no attempt to dispute it. It is easily proved or disproved.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“No one knows better than the writer the unreliability of rumors. There has been a very persistent rumor that No 8 is on fire and although denied time and again, keeps bobbing up, even persons who have been working with rescue parties helping circulate it.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“But laying all that aside why pass judgement at all until the truth is ascertained if possible…But while that does not mean to condemn it does not mean to do any white washing. The writer believes somebody is to blame, but why not assume a calm and judicial attitude until the truth is known?…We should not condemn the company or anyone else without satisfactory proof. Neither are we called upon by common sense to throw over them a saintly mantle of innocence. Wait for the truth. ‘Suspend judgement’.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

Dr. Henry Mace Payne of school of mining engineering is interviewed by the Fairmont West Virginian and asked if “West Virginia mining laws are adequate for the protection of the men in the mines.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“No laws, no matter how perfect, can absolutely protect the miner under all circumstances from the dangers incident to his calling. Nor can any set of rules and regulations for the conduct of mine laborers be enforced with such stringency as to prevent ignorant or reckless disregard of wise and necessary precautions.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“There are, however, some points at which our laws are probably at fault.” He points out the “…striking illustration of the unwisdom of allowing two or more mines to be connected as were Nos 6 and 8.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“Undoubtedly, too there should be some legislative requirement looking toward the prevention of any possibility of dust explosions.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“Our laws are defective in reference to the limitations which they place on the use of explosives in the mines. There are other points, perhaps, at which the laws are weak; but after all is said and done, the ignorance and recklessness of the one careless miner always to be found in any considerable number of them is the most serious menace to his own life and that of his fellows.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“You may show a group of miners just how a fulminate cartridge explodes and the danger of crimping the cartridge with their teeth. Then you may give them all copper crimpers which do the work better. Some of the men will use the crimpers all right, but you may be just as sure that as soon as your back is turned some of the boys will be crimping cartridges with their teeth in the old way.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

Not long after Dr. Payne’s talk with the newspaper man, the doctor was suddenly summoned to Fairmont by one of the high officials of the Fairmont Coal Company. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

Clarksburg Daily Telegram:

“The Rev. L.W. Sifferd, pastor of Park Avenue Lutheran church, requests the Telegram to announce that the members of that church will be given the opportunity to contribute to the relief fund for the Monongah mine sufferers at Sunday morning’s service, and it is expected the congregation will make a very neat contribution. They all appreciate the seriousness of the situation at Monongah and the urgent necessity of helping the suffering.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“Substantial donations are being received daily at the Telegram office for the relief fund…and the Telegram is glad to note that such is the case—that the people of Clarksburg are always ready and willing to lend assistance to their brothers and sisters in the time of deep distress and misfortune.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“Entertainments, socials and other events have been planned by some of the churches and other societies and the Telegram, desiring to lend further aid to the most worthy cause, will gladly print, free of all charges, admission tickets for these affairs.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“If charity should begin at home, surely now is the time for Clarksburgers to extend to the suffering at their very doors.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

The Advocate in West Virginia:

“Senator T.C. Gartlan, of Parkersburg, has called a meeting of the mining investigating committee appointed by Pres. McDermott of the senate and Speaker Scaman of the House of Delegates at the last session of the legislature, to meet at Clarksburg Dec 17th for the purpose of making an investigation into the Monongah disaster in which the lives of 400 men were sacrificed last Friday.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“Owing to the destitute circumstances in which many of the bereaved families at Monongah are placed offers of air are pouring in from all over the country.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

The Advocate is one of the few papers to do the following:

First, the correspondent for The Advocate waits several days before reporting on very personal and dramatic events like the births of a few children, specifically the 5^th child of John Harriman (also reported as Herman, Hearman, Hearmans, Hearmons, and on Sunday they were catastrophically confused with the Hinermans).

But The Advocate waits to publish Caroline’s story, and will get it the most accurate of all reports:

“A fifth child was born to Mrs. John Hearmans, at Monongah, just as the corpse of her husband was brought from the morgue and laid in the front parlor of the miner’s cottage for the view of the four orphaned children and other relatives.

“Mrs. Hearmans’ condition is very serious. She is aware of the fact that there has been an explosion, realizes that the entombed miners are dead beyond her adventure, and knows that the little son whose coming has been looked forward to for months is born into the world of an orphan.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

On Sunday, many papers scrambled to report the dramatic tale of both Mrs. Harriman and Mrs. Hinerman and as a result of their exhaustion combined with being utterly overwhelmed by the events around them, the stories get confused and, unfortunately, Caroline Harriman and her new child, James, repeatedly get reported as deceased across the country for the next several weeks when they did, in fact, survive. As far as is known, Mrs. Lawrence Hinerman and her child did not survive.

Another thing that is particular to The Advocate is their regular attempts at informing the public about the black miners who were killed at the Monongah mines. They more than any other paper outside of the local area, strive to make the black miners known.

“The loss of life is unknown, but it is estimated at between 400 and 500, twelve of whom were colored so far as known.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 3)

“The colored men entombed in the mines are Richard Farmer, K.D. Kyalls [K.D. Ryles], John Adkins, Hall Perkins and others whose names are not known by your correspondent.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 3)

The Labor Argus in West Virginia:

“It is believed that over five hundred perished, but the exact number may never be known, as many of the men employed ‘back hands’ of whom the company had no record. The latest reports given out by the company place the death list at about 260, but it is claimed by others that double that figure will be nearer the number.” (TLA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Arizona Republican:

C.L. Michael, formerly of Fairmont, WV, now resident of Phoenix received copy of Morgantown Chronicle containing account of disaster. (AR 12.12.07 pg. 5)

“The paper states that the shock of the explosion was felt in Morgantown, which is nearly 30 miles away from the mines, Fairmont being about 5 miles away.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“In this instance the news from the local papers indicates that the dispatches have but weakly painted the real effect of the trouble, though there is little to add except the story of horror, for the facts as to the death list etc. have been very accurate.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“Mr. Michael says he was acquainted with a few men who had employment at the mine as engineer or some similar capacity but he has not heard whether they escaped or not.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“The paper relates that thousands of people gathered at the mines and remained, only being succeeded by other thousands who came to relieve them.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“Some were drawn by curiosity but by far the most of them were interested in learning the fate of some relative or friend.”

“All the friends of 500 entombed men would make a good big army.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“Frantic women and children have collected in crowds about the mines. Some of them are able to control their emotions and stand about sad-eyed but stolidly waiting and prepared to hear the worst. It is not so with a great majority of them however, and many of the women, principally foreigners, are hysterical. They run about screaming and wailing at the top of their voices, tearing their hair and shouting out the names of their dead ones who they believe are lost.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“Everything possible is being done to allay the fears of the women and children and keep them composed, but it is a difficult problem, and one that is meeting with but little success.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

“Wild eyed women and children go about in the crowds from man to man, peering anxiously into the smutted and coal dusted features of each of the men, looking for a husband a son or a father. The saddest and most heartrending scenes are being witnessed.” (AR 12.12.08 pg. 5)

Evening Star in D.C.:

“The opening of the coroner’s inquest has been set for next Monday.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“Governor Dawson announced today that he will personally attend the inquiry for the purpose of instituting a rigid investigation with a view to ending West Virginia mine disasters.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

The Washington Times:

“It is said by the officers of the company that there are bodies in the mine that will never be recovered. They are lying under a fall of slate, and it may be months before this section of the mine is opened.” (WT 12.12.07 pg. 3)

“It is hoped, however, to have most of the bodies recovered before Saturday night.” (WT 12.12.07 pg. 3)

“Governor Dawson will come to Fairmont to hear the testimony at the coroner’s inquest which will probably begin next week.” (WT 12.12.07 pg. 3)

The Brandon News in Mississipi:

The Marion Daily Mirror in Ohio:

The Daily Press in Virginia:

“…and there was no question that the destitution among them would be very great.” (DP 12.12. 07 pg. 1)

Cumberland Evening Times:

“Mayor Moore, of Monongah, wires the editor of the Times that the need of the community is very great, and that the sufferings of the bereaved women and children will be intense unless assistance comes promptly and generously. Let all who have an abundance of those world’s goods give freely and promptly.” (CET 12.12.07 pg. 4)

More on How Death Gloated!

Thursday, December 12, 1907 Afternoon

“No accident in the entire history of coal mining in America compares with this holocaust. It would be hard to picture a more complete scene of sorrow and desolation than that about the pit mouth. Everywhere are the blown and broken timbers, everywhere the blackened wreckage, showing the fearful force of the explosion. And over the wailing, desolate women and the gaunt, hard featured men working about the ruins, the black smoke hangs like a pall.” (TLA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

~Noon

“Governor Dawson today announced that he will personally attend the inquiry…” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Gov. Dawson - wikipedia — Governor W.M.O. Dawson

In Monongah:

12.13.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 2 — CET 12.13.07 pg 1

At the mines:

“Two hundred and eighty-five bodies were recovered at noon from the Monongah mines and twenty-five more were ready to be brought to the surface.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“Up to noon today 285 bodies had been recovered from the Monongah mines. They are being brought out more rapidly now and many more will have been recovered by night.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“More than 400 bodies, it is expected, will have been recovered by Saturday night, by which time the rescuers hope to have found every body.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

2:22 pm

In Monongah:

The body of Timothy Lyden was taken from the morgue “to his home at Monongah to remain three hours and at 2:22 this afternoon accompanied by relatives and friends it was shipped to [Clarksburg] for burial.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“Mr. Lyden’s body will be at the home of his mother, Mrs. Ellen Lyden, on Jackson street tonight and until 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, when it will be taken to the Catholic church where funeral services will be held and interment will be in Holy Cross cemetery.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

During the Afternoon

In Pittsburgh:

“Officials of the coal company were in Pittsburgh this afternoon, conferring with those familiar with hospital maintenance, and it is understood that $50,000 will be spent by the coal company in erecting a suitable orphan asylum building. After it is finished, the children will be taken care of and educated. It is understood that certain wealthy men have expressed a desire to assist in endowing such an asylum, making it permanent for use of orphans of those who lose their lives in the mines of the company.” (WH 12.13.07 pg. 1)

“A woman’s sympathetic heart coupled with her ability to accomplish her purposes has solved the distressing problem of the thousand children who have been made orphans by the mine explosion at Monongah, in which several hundred lives went out. The woman is Mrs. Clarence W. Watson [Minnie Owings Watson], wife of the president of the Fairmont Coal Company which owns the property in which the calamity happened. She is a social leader in Baltimore and New York, but since the explosion she has demonstrated that she can be notable for other things besides driving fine horses for prizes in show rings and planning cotillons. Acting on Mrs. Watson’s suggestion her husband came to Pittsburg today to make contracts for the erection of a $50,000 asylum for the homeless little ones at Monongah. Mr. Watson said that it was the one practical suggestion which had come to him or any of the members of the Fairmont Company.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

“Mrs. Watson took a prominent part at this season’s horse show in New York. She was a prize winner, carrying off ribbons with her famous Lord Baltimore and My Maryland. Lord Baltimore is considered one of the finest harness horses in America. Mrs. Watson and her millionaire husband carried off several prizes with them in the international show in London.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

“Bishop Donoghue, of the Wheeling district has been at Monongah leading in the relief work, and Mrs. Watson has been, perhaps, his most able assistant.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

“The day of the explosion Mrs. Watson hurried to Monongah with her husband. She plunged into the work of relief with her heart open for the suffering and destitute. In a few hours she was recognized as good spirit of the place. Wherever she goes in the stricken town she carried light with her.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

“It was the children who made a special plea to her sympathy. Their helplessness, their absolute dependence overwhelmed her. After the first couple of days she went to her husband and demanded that he do something. He was at a loss and asked her for her suggestions. She said that the one thing for him and his company to do was build and asylum for the little ones.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

“How to care for the children of the explosion victims has been and will be a problem until Mrs. Watson’s home for them is built.” (RP 12.14.07 pg. 4)

In Fairmont:

“The body of Charles Wise of Fairmont, one of the best known men, was…brought here for interment this afternoon.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

Frank A. Wilmot and George A. Campsey from the Carnegie Hero Commission arrive in Fairmont. “After looking over the ground a while Mr. Wilmot decided to go to the Fairmont Coal Company offices at Monongah and make known his mission. Before going, however, he met Col. A.H Fleming of Fairmont whom he knew personally…” (FWV 12.23.07 pg. 1 – extra)

Mr. Harry H Stock, E.M. editor of “Mines and Minerals” of Scranton PA is visitor in the city. He procured copies of the West Virginian for every day since the mine disaster. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 5)

In Monongah:

“The ladies of the relief corps are continuing their noble work and much food is being dispensed to the workers. Soups, meats, sandwiches, vegetables pie and coffee constitute the mean which is served night and day in a little building near the company office. Hundreds are thus fed every day.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

C.W. Watson will not give a statement about the number of victims to the press until the “total number of miners is known…census of miners had not yet been completed. Three or four miners lived in the country and their families would have to be seen before the statement could be made. Mr. Watson said that the number would be between 328 and 334.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1) (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 1)

He provides this statement instead:

“The work of removing bodies from the mines progressed very rapidly today and at the rate that the dead are brought out now the search work will be completed sooner than it was thought. The work in mine No 6 is practically done. The searchers have explored all the rooms of that mine.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Rumors of epidemic begin to surface and are attributed to the many maimed and decomposing bodies and carcasses about the town and still inside the mines. (McAteer) (News)

Mr. Fleming and Wilmot arrive in Monongah and go to the office where Wilmot is introduced to General Manager Lee. L Malone. “Mr. Malone at once placed the records of the company relative to the census of miners being taken at Mr. Wilmot’s disposal and after verifying the newspaper reports he hunted Mayor Moore to take some active steps for relief work.”

“Mr. Wilmot found Mayor Moore surrounded by a crowd of about 50 people engaged in relief work, but he gave Mr. Wilmot a hearing and very kindly consented to do whatever was thought best in the matter of organizing the committees.” (FWV 12.23.07 pg. 1 & 4 – extra)

At the mines:

The removal of livestock begins.

Marion County Board of Health issues a 2nd order: “…imminent danger of epidemic of disease breaking out…scores of men working in recovering dead are prostrated…so urgent…all of the streets of Monongah were heavily sprinkled with lime…odors emanating…unbearable.” (McAteer)

At #8:

1st full search is completed in #8 and a second search immediately begins. (McAteer) (Inquiry)

“Patrick Louchney’s remains were found in mines No. 8 and taken to the morgue this afternoon. His body was terribly mangled and mutilated. It will be taken to Clarksburg for burial.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

~3:30 pm

CDT 12.12.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 4 — CDT 12.12.07 pg 1

“A great many bodies remain unidentified as yet and probably most of these will never be identified or claimed by relatives. The number of the unidentified reached fully sixty so far and doubtless many of those yet to be recovered will be in the same class.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

~4:00 pm

In Fairmont:

The 24 members and 2 guests of the Ladies Aid Society of the Diamond Street M.E. Church complete “40 pieces of clothing” and enjoy a dinner “for the small sum of $.15”, the proceeds intended to go to the relief fund. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2) (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 2)

~4:30 pm

In Wheeling:

The Wheeling Board of Trade holds special meeting of directors about the Monongah relief fund. Labor Commissioner I.V. Barton (who went to Monongah shortly after the disaster and stated he would bring a report of conditions to Board of Trade) “spoke at some length”.

“There are, Mr. Barton stated, from a thousand to twelve hundred orphans and at least 350 widows it has been estimated. The children have been born since the disaster and there are 60 expectant mothers among the widows. The Fairmont Coal Co. and the local relief committees are doing nobly, and are caring for the situation.” Mr. Barton stated that if the Board of Trade was to contribute, now is the time to do it. “The aid is not necessary now but in the future relief will be needed.”

The Board of Trade contributes $1,000.00 to the relief fund. (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

In the earliest days after the disaster, various relief committees were formed by well-meaning individuals and groups but there is no representation for the immigrants and their various nationalities among them. Bishop Donahue was added to the initial general relief committee when he pointed out a lack of representation for the Italian and Polish-Slavic Catholic churches and the committee expanded to incorporate immigrant representation. (McAteer) (News)

Manager/Secretary of Carnegie Hero Fund Commission Frank M Wilmot combines the majority of these relief committees into one: the Monongah Mine Relief Committee. (McAteer)

The Carnegie Hero Fund donates $35,000 to this relief committee and takes charge of the organizing. (McAteer) (News)

Wilmot then has a meeting with Watson, Fleming, and other company officials to discuss their role in the relief efforts. Watson and Fleming are cautious about endorsing notion of public appeal for funds. They are concerned about the effect such an appeal would have politically, particularly on the general public. Wilmot convinces them the response would be well received. Following the meetings with Wilmot and others they soon became supportive of the relief committees and assigned “various employees in the offices of FCC & others to work nights, Sundays, and other extra time helping the Subscription Committee to address envelopes and send out appeals”. Eventually, officials of mine, like Cunningham, serve as members of committee. (McAteer)

The Union Relief Association Committee, made up entirely of women from Fairmont and surrounding areas, is the only one not included into the MMRC.

~5:00 pm

Cunningham sends Watson a list of names along with morgue numbers. Bossilo Pillelo and Petro Frediro are listed with a note: “Italians were in #8. Selecting place to work. Chief Paul found their order copy x of mine laws.” (McAteer)

More on How Death Gloated!

Thursday, December 12, 1907 Midnight – Morning

CDT 12.12.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 5 — CDT 12.12.07 pg 1

In the early hours of the morning

12.12.07 - pg 6 - Monongah — TMDM 12.12.07 pg 6

In Hendricks, WV:

Roy Yaeger, 28 year old engineer for Western Maryland railroad, detects an odor of gas in his home and starts to investigate. He quickly finds that a rubber hose has come loose from a stove and “just as he was in the act of turning the gas off the gas was ignited from an oil lamp in another part of the house and the explosion followed.” (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 2)

“Yaeger was ablaze in an instant and jumping out of a window he rushed up street, his clothes burning fiercely. Before he could be succored his clothes were all burned off and was a mass of charred flesh.” (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 2)

Yeager “met with a terrible death”. His wife and little child were severely burned and the home in where they lived was practically blown to pieces. (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 2)

~3:00 am

“The body of Timothy Lyden was found in mine No. 6 at Monongah at 3 o’clock this morning, taken to the morgue and prepared for burial.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“Relatives identified the body by his clothes and the back of his head. The body was well preserved but the face was badly mutilated.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

“Mr. Lyden was 38 years of age and leaves a widow and five children. He was a brother of Patrick J., Michael and Margaret Lyden and Mrs. P.F. Tiernery.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 4)

~3:30 am

“Henry Martin’s body was found in mine No. 6 at Monongah at 3:30 o’clock this morning and identified by his brother, Patrick Martin, of this city. Mr. Martin has another brother here, too, Thomas Martin.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“Mr. Martin was 42 years of age.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“Mr. Martin leaves a wife and five children making his death particularly sad, as they were dependent upon him for support.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

“Accompanied by relatives and friends, the body will leave Monongah at 8:22 o’clock tomorrow morning for Clarksburg, and will be taken to the Catholic church, where at 10 o’clock funeral services will be held at the same time that the Timothy Lyden obsequies are held. It will be a double funeral at the church—all at the same mass. Interment will be in Holy Cross cemetery.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 1)

At some point during the early morning hours

The body of John T. McGraw, pitt boss at Monongah mine No. 8, “was recovered from the mine early Thursday morning”. (CDT 12.13.07 pg. 1)

~4:30 am

“The body of Charles Wise of Fairmont, one of the best known men, was recovered at 4:30 o’clock…” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

Wise was personal surveyor for Senator J.N. Camden. He surveyed inside of mines to ensure Camden and others were properly paid by Consolidated Coal Company. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

The 37 year old Chief Engineer “went into the ill-fated mine only a short time before the explosion.” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2) (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Despite early reports announcing that only his jack and shoes had been found, leading people to believe Charles had been “blown to atoms”: “The body was in a good state of preservation and easily recognized. Besides in his pockets were his B&O mileage book, street car book, watch, ring and pipe, which were means to identify him.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Wise was found in #6 near the main heading, in a sitting position ½ mile away from his jacket. He had wrapped his waistcoat around his head indicating that he had survived the explosion and attempted to find his way out but got lost in the darkness and was eventually overcome by afterdamp. (FWV 12.12.07 pg.1)

Charles becomes body #258 to pass through the morgue. (Amos)

He leaves a widow, Pearl Reed Wise, and 2 sons: Thomas Reuben, 2 years, and Lorin Turney, 2 months old. (McAteer) (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

~6:00

In Fairmont:

All mines in the Fairmont Coal Field are up and running to almost full capacity except those in Monongah. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

The Fairmont West Virginian reports the weather as: Partly cloudy tonight and Friday, nearly stationary temperature (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

The remains of Charles D. Wise are taken to Musgrave’s undertaking parlors “just as they were taken from the mine” on 6:15 street car. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

“Officials…feel hopeful that the large force of rescuers, entering the mines at Monongah this morning will be the last necessary to send into the workings to recover the bodies…” (ES 12.12.07 pg. 2)

~8:00 am

In Clarksburg:

“The body of Thomas Killeen was brought here Thursday morning from the Monongah mine horror. The funeral was held in the Catholic church and burial in Holy Cross Cemetery.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 5)

In Fairmont:

Tom Donlin’s funeral is held at St. Peter’s Catholic church under the direction of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Services are largely attended by friends and relatives following with interment at Holy Cross cemetery. Pallbearers were: Messrs. M.J. O’Neil, Anthony McDonough, John Kelley, John D Barry, Michael Ford and Jas. Erwin. (FWV 12/12/07 pg. 5)

In Monongah:

Women and children are still standing guard by the morgue.

At the mines:

Ventilation is restored to 8 miles of room headings, 550 rooms have been explored and tracks in 5.5 miles of main headings are cleaned up enough to allow hauling of bodies and materials. (McAteer)

1st full search completed in #6. The search parties have explored all the rooms of the mine and 20 searchers transfer from No 6 to No 8. “…the work in No 8 will be practically completed tonight when all the men will have been removed except those under falls.” (McAteer) (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

The bodies taken out this morning are in “pretty good condition” so as George Gibbon, who has been able to identify most of the miners, was very successful. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1) (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

Among them is body #287—Ellis V. Herndon, this author’s great-great grandfather. Ellis’s son, Ira Herndon, was unable to go to work Friday morning due to his wet boots, and has had no need to take part in the rescue efforts as “they had other people who did that”. Ira is able to stay with his family throughout the whole ordeal and mourn their elder. Ellis was found in excellent condition and buried in the cemetery “on the back of Tower Hill, in the hollow.” (Loss)

cemeteries — The mass grave donated earlier this week due to inclement weather is by the Catholic cemetery. However, the original potter’s field, which was used and became full within the first few days after the disaster, is currently unknown/lost. This author has quite the theory as to its potential location and this will be discussed later in an “Issues” post.

~9:00 am

In Belle Vernon, PA:

Coroner Hagan commences the official inquiry into the December 1^st Naomi mine explosion. A number of officials testified and it was heavily discussed whether or not electricity should be used in mines.

In Fairmont:

Ladies Aid Society of the Diamond Street M.E. Church meets at the home of Mrs. Priscilla Merrifield on Wilson St. between 9am-4pm. 24 members and 2 visitors spend the day “sewing or doing any other work that may be done for the Monongah sufferers. Clothing or anything which will be donated for the cause will be gladly received by the ladies.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 2) (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

“A Pittsburgh man said this morning that he was surprised at the small contributions being sent in for the Monongah relief fund. He thought the big cities were taking too little interest in the matter and that the papers ought to take the question up with a view to creating a larger fund. He thinks there ought to be a fund of at least $200,000 to properly care for 300 widows and 1,000 orphans.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

In Monongah:

2 men try the same trick from day before of posing as workmen to get food and goods. They are caught, arrested, and put in the Monongah jail. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“About 100 men are digging graves for the dead and as fast as the bodies are prepared and identified they are taken to the cemeteries or shipped to the places designated by friends.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

Messrs. S.E. Jenkins and J.A.C. Prickett, representatives of the Setting Sun Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men, accompanied the body of one of the Monongah victims to the home at Connellsville, PA. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

~10:00 am

“Two hundred and eighty-five bodies were recovered at 10 o’clock today, and 25 more were ready for removal to the surface.” (LET 12.12.07 pg. 1)

~11:00 am

In Pittsburgh, PA:

“C.W. Watson…will, in the name of his wife, erect an orphan asylum at Monongah in which will be cared for and educated the children of the men who lost their lives in the disaster. Today representatives of Mr. Watson visited this city, where they inspected various orphan asylums, and announced that work on the new asylum at Monongah will be started at once.” (NYTb 12.13.07 pg. 5)

In Charleston, WV:

“President Craigo called at the office of the Mail, where a relief fund is being collected and was advised that it would be better to have the contribution from the Wellston miners sent direct from that point to Mayor Moore, at Monongah, rather than have it come to Charleston and then be remitted from here to Monongah. Mr. Craigo adopted the suggestion and wired the convention to the that effect.” (TA 12.12.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

“R.H. Spahr went to Monongah this morning and spent a few hours viewing the mine horror.” (CDT 12.12.07 pg. 8)

“At 11 0’clock this morning 256 bodies have been waiting for transportation. It is estimated that there are still 145 bodies in the mines. Eighty-five bodies are unidentified. The greater number of these have already been buried.” (WT 12.12.07 pg. 3)

More on How Death Gloated!

Wednesday, December 11, 1907, News Hour

After almost a week of reporting on the disaster and as the work in and around Monongah becomes more and more organized, there is less to actually ‘report’ on the disaster itself. Journalistic columns and public opinions begin to fill the papers across the country.

~6:00 pm

Newspapers

Clarksburg Daily Telegram:

“Those of the bodies recovered today that have been identified so far are as follows:

“The rescue workers have finished the main headings and the sections to the right of the main headings and all work is now in the interior heading and rooms.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“I.C. White of Morgantown, state geologist is on the scene making observations. Mr. White has a practical knowledge of mining.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Additional miners from Maryland and eastern parts of the State have arrived to aid in the rescue work.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“All theories that have been advanced as to the cause of the explosion are being thoroughly investigated, but explanations up to this time are not thorough enough to locate the immediate cause.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“According to experienced miners the interior of the mines show evidences of an explosion from dust, but there are many who adhere to the gas theory. The inspectors hope to find the exact spot where the explosion originated and when this place is located the exact cause of the disaster may be determined.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“D.F. Lepley, of Connellsville, who is a representative of the company which placed the fan at No. 8 mine at Monongah, is a visitor at the scene of the disaster. He says that he can have the fan replaced in a period of two weeks. The damages to the mine are not nearly so great as at first though and it is not unlikely that both mines will be working again inside of 90 days. One estimate puts the damage to the mines as low as $125,000.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

On page 3, a poem written by Pastor E.V. Potter of the Wesleyan Methodist Church is published:

“The woman who has never experienced widowhood can scarcely know, in fact, would not know the fears for the future in this life of a woman left with a dependent family without means of support. Indeed, happy families with plenty never know. They can not. It is impossible for them to realize the drudgery, the sacrifices, the care that the widow has under such conditions. A double duty devolves upon her. She must be mother and she must be bread-earner. Not only must the household be taken care of by her but she must also provide shelter, clothing, education and all for the children. Scarcely a man is there who would not shrink from suck a task and why should a woman be expected to accomplish such an undertaking? Fate sometimes cruelly devolves it on woman to have this terrible lot in life, but, perhaps, it will not always be so.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 4)

“Certainly, the time in American brotherhood is passing beyond that stage, and the love for mankind in American hearts is above the miserly point of keeping all we have and doing nothing for our fellows, unfortunate not from their own acts but from a fate that they themselves did not bring about. God forbid that there should be any such.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 4)

“This is no time for prejudice, no time for class hatred, no time to argue that others ought to come to the rescue and relief. The only thing to do now is follow the Golden rule. The Telegram offers the opportunity, and yet it matters not to if what medium or avenue is used in reaching the suffering.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 4)

“Those who are in distress themselves ought not to contribute, as the widow’s mite, though an example, need not be given, for that sort of charity works a hardship materially, though in the end it has its richest blessings. It is to those who have plenty that this appeal should be most effective. And yet none should give who cannot cheerfully do so.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 4)

“The rumor that has reached the ears of many in Clarksburg to the effect that the air fans at Monongah Mines Nos 6 and 8 were not in good order and not working properly the day of and just prior to the terrible disaster last Friday, is false.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 6)

“Tuesday night the Telegram telegraphed to President C.W. Watson, of the Fairmont Coal Company, at Monongah, as follows: ‘Please inform us as to the rumor that fans at Mines 6 and 8 were not in good order and not working properly just before the explosion.’ To this Mr. Watson replied by wire as follows: ‘Absolutely false. Be no foundation for the report.’” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 6)

“How the report was started that there had been something wrong with the mine fans just before the disaster and that possibly that had something to do with the explosion is a matter of mere conjecture, but nevertheless there is nothing to the report as had been shown by the words of President Watson. The machinery at both of the mines was in good working order. Experienced workmen were at their posts of duty at the mines and it is absurd to entertain the thought that either they or officials of the company would permit a big force of men to go into the mines while there was something the matter with the ventilating machinery.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 6)

Evansville Press in Indiana:

“There is not much danger of mine explosions like the Monongah disaster in mines about Evansville, it was stated at the mines today. There is but little gas and the mines are damp, so that there is no dry coal dust to explode as in West Virginia. The only danger is from powder explosions through sparks from the miners’ lamps.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 1)

By: Geo. Satterfield

“I came to Monongah—to this charnel house of the coal mining industry—to draw in pen and ink some of the scenes of the great disaster that the camera failed to depict.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“I have gazed with wonder on the piled up, wrenched and torn surface ruins, evidences of the titanic shock that in a second blasted the lives out of nearly 500 human beings.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“I saw brave men in jeans, heroes born of the moment, plunge into the hell pits, risking their own lives in noxious gas and fire, that they might save the earthly remains of their comrades.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“With gruesome fascination I inspected great piles of coffins, heaped up within 100 feet of the mouth of the mines, ready to receive the burdens they will carry in long procession to the grave. But God knows how commonplace all this was when I turned my face to that fringe of helpless humanity on the outskirts—that group of agonized women and orphans.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“Carry your imagination this winter day, you who read these lines, to this little village of Monongah and calculate if you can the horror, the agony, the despair, the utter desolation and destitution of these 300 widows and these 1000 orphans.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“They wait about the mine mouths; dry-eyed, grief-exhausted, heartbroken, they wait. Waiting for what? For the right to claim the inanimate, blackened clay of what was so short a time before a loved one. It is all that is left in the hour when the hand of the Great Master seems to lie so heavily upon them, the primal instinct is strong. Each demands that which, when the divine spark glowed, was all the world to them.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“Their hands and faces dirty, clothes awry and covered with the yellow clay of the neighborhood or the soot which lies over all, the widows and orphans are heedless of the present. They can see through the mountainside, where the loved one lies as the fire damp caught him.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2

“Everyone is dry-eyed, for grief such as this call not for tears; is too deep to be assuaged by welling eyes, this affliction which has fallen upon those left helpless by the catastrophe.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“I saw them bring bodies from No. 8. It was at night. They could have taken them out sooner, but waited for the merciful shadows to fall. Only the workers and the hushed, ever-waiting women and children remained.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2

“Four men bore a blanket-covered figure from the black mouth of Monongah’s hell. A sound, as of the night wind gently sighing, passed over the watchers, eloquent in its concert of relief.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2

“Reverently the bearers passed between rows of the bared, bowed heads to where the piled up rough boxes were awaiting their own. Suddenly a woman, gaunt and pallid, evaded the guards and rushed forward. She half-carried, half-dragged a child; two others clung to her thin skirt. Dante never depicted the grief, fear, agony, and expectation which marked her face as she sped over the debris-covered ground toward the body.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“The men deposited their burden and the poor, distraught creature stopped and seemed to recoil. One hand clutched her bosom convulsively. One the brink of the great unknown she hesitated. But she had waited through long dark hours for this moment and was not to be balked. Leaning forward she lifted the covering from the face of the dead, looked, gave utterance to a wailing shriek, heart-rending in its pathos—and sank unconscious to the ground. It was not the face of her husband, and the reaction mercifully broke the terrible strain.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

(Special to The Press)

“The theory that an accidental explosion of dynamite was the cause of the disaster that killed nearly 500 in the Fairmont Coal company’s collieries here, is the one now generally accepted.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“The explosion of dynamite caused the explosion of dust which is a most dreadful force when loose.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

“In the narrow tunnels the explosion sought an outlet to expand and rushed along the line of the least resistance, toward the mouth of No 6, mowing down men as stalks of grain before the sickle. When it reached the heavy atmosphere at the mouth of No 6 the explosion rebounded going back over its original track, still seeking an outlet. As it swept along, the body of flaming, seething gases, compressed by the confines of the mine, found the underground entrance into mine No. 8 through which it leaped madly and tore its devastating way to the mouth of this mine, where it ripped the masonry from the earth, hurling great blocks of cement and stone in all directions. The heat engendered left nothing but bare walls in its path. It burned the oxygen out of the atmosphere, leaving only the deadly afterdamp, which claimed those left alive by the explosion in various drifts.” (TEP 12.11.07 pg. 2)

Cumberland Evening Times in Maryland:

“The matins of the Sabbath tolled a death knell a hundred, aye four hundred times and the vespers were like the mourning of a dove—for a pall hangs over the valley.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“When the flash of a mysterious explosion heaved the earth and hurled the timbers of the mines at Monongah and twisted the ponderous machinery within and without, the gaunt specter of death floated through the caverns and touched the men who went to their toil with music and laughter in their souls.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“No human agency could stay that hand and the ghoulish monster called Death had its moment of glee uninterrupted and alone.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“Man with his cunning and his knowledge cannot stay the mysterious ways of an inscrutable Providence.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“Those stricken stand in awe as the grimy-faced men bear from the mines the stretchers, for sooner or later, today or tomorrow, the carriers will bring to the sunlight that one whose mute lips cannot answer the wails of the loved ones—that one whose children are fatherless.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“Paled are the cheeks of the men whose money had builded those works.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“The huge fan is a tangled mass of wreckage, a mockery to human endeavor. Stockholder, official, superintendent, boss, miner, volunteers, all work side by side to rescue—no, not to rescue, to bring out the mangled forms of those corpses of what were once men in the pride of manhood health and happiness.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“General Manager L.L. Malone, of the Fairmont Coal Company, received offers of assistance from all over several states, while others hurried to the scene, experts, officials, plain miners, those who knew what was to be done and came to do it, of their own free will.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“Far and wide the Fairmont Coal Company has been reputed as a humane and generous company. Lee Malone has lived close to his men. He knows them by name. He had toiled with them in the early days and he insists always that the best of machinery for the safety of the toilers should be bought and constantly used. Today his face is blanched, for a mysterious force laid low the men whose interest was his interest. His heart is bowed down.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“A ribbon of moving restless humanity has moved in and out of this city toward the mines where death is holding a gruesome feast. This stream of human beings will continue to move throughout the coming days, until the last body is borne out into the sunlight and the last clod falls upon the last coffin. Yet this mass of humanity, pulsating with life and health, can not solve the mystery or speak the words of condolence to those who mourn.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“The officials of the Fairmont Coal Company clasp hands across this unspeakable harvest of souls with those who mourn their loved ones and no man will ever be able to tell the story or give reason why Monongah mines should have become a tomb. The curtain will never be lifted. It is held taunt by bony hands, death-gripped, for eternity.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“We ride and walk and work side by side with death every day and can not see the dreadful monster through life-lit eyes. With what ghoulish satisfaction the silent companion touches a victim with icy finger. We do not feel his breath or realize his proximity until with chattering jaws and rattling frame, he springs forward to drag a nearby friend from our side. How death gloated!” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 11)

More on How Death Gloated!

Wednesday, December 11, 1907 – Afternoon

“Although rain is increasing the work of the rescue parties, it brought a merciful relief from the pitiful scenes at the exits in the last few days. It drove indoors many of the grief-stricken relatives and friends of the victims who crowded about the mouths of the shafts waiting for the bodies of the loved ones to be restored to them. All the soft earth about the mines was turned into a thin mud by the downpour, and although some of the stronger of the watchers remained through the forenoon, nearly all sought shelter later and awaited in their homes the summons to come and claim their own.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~12:00 pm

At the mines:

Recovery is becoming more horrific and tedious as bodies now have to be carried a distance of a mile or more underground just to get to mine mouth. As recovery of bodies gets swifter, the system of identifying and counting the deceased leads to more confusion over the total number of bodies “found” and those actually “recovered” and when. (McAteer)

Between 170-180 bodies total have been taken out by noon, “…all of them except thirteen having been recognized and were either buried immediately after coming out or turned over to relatives where the corpse was in shape to be seen.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1) (News)

“…with large additions to the rescuing force it is hoped to have the mines cleared very soon.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“It is stated today that there is every reason to believe the number of the dead will reach four hundred.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

In an interview, the head of a rescue crew tells the Fairmont West Virginian: “#8 main from the opening to the bottom, a distance of about 1 mile in the mine, is absolutely clear of wreckage or falls. About the only obstruction of any amount in this mine is quite an extensive fall in the first left of the second south main working. This fall is about 100’ in length and about 4’ deep. Quite a few rooms were discovered with falls.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

In Fairmont:

Tom Donlin’s mother (who lives on Gaston Ave between 3rd and 4th street) knows nothing of the disaster. Her friends have kept her at home and kept all news from her “but in spite of all of this care Mrs. Donlin knew there was something wrong.” Her son usually came to visit every few days and was due for his visit on Friday. Since he didn’t show up, she was suspicious that something was not right. Father Boutlou informed her of the death of her son at noon. 2 years ago, another of her sons, John, was killed in a railroad wreck near Buckhannon. (FWV 12.12.07 pg.1)

At some point during the afternoon

In Monongah:

5 men showed up in town and “represented that they were workmen; they were supplied with rubber boots…and some other things that they needed to make up a fair disguise. These men then started to see how much good victuals they could consume. They were so successful with their scheme they began to boast about it. They did not stay long in Monongah after they were found out. They were given the grand bounce.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg.1)

Francesco A Cirmo, clerk at the local post office in Fairmont, is at Monongah participating “…in taking the census…” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

“Fifty-seven more bodies were taken out of the ill-fated Monongah mines 6 and 8 today; the larger number of these having been recovered from No. 8. This brings the total number recovered up to 184.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“These bodies many of which are badly burned and some mangled, have not all been identified as yet. The undertakers are working hard in preparing the corpses for burial and placing them in caskets. Those not identified are placed in the rooms provided for unidentified bodies where they are viewed.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

In Fairmont:

“It is now quite apparent that a large amount of money will be sent to Fairmont for the relief of the Monongah sufferers. Many thousands of dollars have already been deposited for this purpose and word comes from various cities of donations in large and small amounts.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

“The Union Relief Association, an organization of Fairmont women from the various churches of the city, is doing noble work in providing for immediate needs of the wives and children of the victims and the General Relief Committee will use the larger sums of money in making provision for the families in a more comprehensive manner a little later on.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

“This is a great work and ought not be done in a hurry. Needs not now thought of will probably develop a little later and then it will be a good thing to have some money to meet them. Let the gifts continue to be made for remember the needs of 300 widows and 1,000 orphans are great.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

Dr. D.C. Duncan of Cameron informs Mayor Arnett of Fairmont that he offers 2 houses, rent free, to Monongah sufferers: “I have two small houses of two and three bedrooms that I will let some poor woman that has one or two children have to live in two or three months free of rent to help them along till spring. If they are able and willing to work they can get lots of common work such as washing to do to help them along. You will please let me hear from you if there is that would accept the offer.” (FWV 12.13.07 pg. 1)

In the next town south of Monongah:

South east on the state border:

The Watson school in Pendleton County donates the proceeds from a box dinner they held Friday evening. “The proceeds though needed for the school’s new library was given to the Monongah sufferers by a unanimous vote of the pupils. An openhearted, willingness to relieve want and help the distressed has become a prominent characteristic of our civilization. No better place to teach the brotherhood of man than in the public schools.” (12.11.07 pg. 2)

Further south in Charleston, WV:

The Children’s Home Society of WV, located at Charleston, announce they “will care for all homeless children and orphans that may be committed to their care.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

~2:00 pm

“At 2 o’clock, 212 bodies had been recovered.” (ETR 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Of forty-four bodies taken to the morgue about 2 o’clock this afternoon, none have been identified.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

~3:30 pm

In Fairmont:

“The cash contributions up to this time total $40,000.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

At Press time today there were 197 bodies that had been brought to the morgue and 25 bodies were ready at the mouth of the mines to be brought over. This makes 222 bodies that have been taken out of #6 & #8. (McAteer)

“Of the fifty bodies taken from the mines in the past twenty-four hours a majority are so mangled and decomposed as to render preparations for immediate burial imperative and many were sent direct from the mines to the graveyard in compliance with the order of the county board of health to prevent disease.” (BDP 12.11.07 pg. 4)

Rescue teams have not yet made any extensive efforts to clear the many roof falls in the mines and many bodies still remain trapped underneath. (McAteer)

Inspectors sent from Ohio, George Harrison and Ebenezer Jones, go into the mines for the first time. (McAteer, Inquiry)

Inside #6:

The bottom of #6 slope has been mostly cleared of debris from the wrecked coal cars and repeatedly examined. The line to the left of the main heading has also been cleared but men are still working on cleaning up wreckage in other areas of the mine. (McAteer) (News)

~5:00 pm

“A steady rain has been falling here all day, adding to the discomfort of the rescuers and making the recovery of the bodies more difficult.” (BDP 12.11.07 pg. 4)

Inside #8:

The body of John M. McGraw, pit boss in #8, is found in F Face, where the mines connected – “evidently going from one mine to the other.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg.1)

~5:30 pm

At the morgue:

John McGraw’s identity is confirmed by friends and by papers in his pocket. “Body was in fairly good state of preservation. Remains taken to Clarksburg for interment.” McGraw was well known and the president of First Regiment Band and had been a member since its organization. (FWV 12.12.07 pg.1)

~6:00 pm

In Monongah:

Bishop Donahue has “instructed the various priests ordered to the scene to remain on the ground until all the bodies have been recovered.” He returns to Wheeling where he will begin working on plans to assist placing the children in orphanages if necessary. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1) (News)

Donahue makes a statement that he is still uncertain how many orphans will be put into his care “owing to the grief and prostration of so many widowed mothers and his reluctance to as if they will part with them. He thinks however the number will be large.” Should there be more children in need than the current facilities can handle, Donahue says he “will lease a separate home for them and later build.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 1)

More on How Death Gloated!

Wednesday, December 11, 1907, Midnight – Morning

“The deaths of the three Morris brothers in the mine disaster wipes out a family of father, mother and 11 children with the exception of one small girl within the past ten years. The Morris family were former residents of Eldora and the sad incidents connected with their history are recalled by their neighbors and friends although there is but one member of the family left to relate the bereavement and she is most too young to remember all.

“Ten years ago, Mr. W. E. Morris and wife and 11 children settled at Eldora and there they lived happily for some time. Sickness of a pulmonary nature entered the family and soon the mother and six children were claimed within the course of a few years. One son was killed instantly while working in a coal mine on the Lowe farm, and last spring Mr. Morris contracted typhoid fever and died. For some time preceding his death Mr. Morris resided on the Harrison Manley farm above Monongah. Just four children were left out of the family of eleven and three of these, W.L., Cecil, and Marion met death together in the Monongah fatality. Mr. W.L. Morris leaves a wife, who was formerly a Miss Boone. His two younger brothers worked in the mines with him and resided at his home. The brothers were all found Monday night.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

~12:00 am

At the mines:

Rescue crews have been working around the clock for almost 6 days. Every section of the mines has been entered – no survivors found*.

“Much progress was made by the rescue parties yesterday, despite the rain, snow and mud.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“At a late hour 142 bodies had been prepared for burial. Many more have been located and will be brought to the morgue today. If, as the mine owners declare, there were less than 400 victims, nearly half of the bodies have been recovered.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“There were reports last night that some of the miners entombed are yet living, but they are not generally believed. One workman claims to have heard knockings or raps in one section of a room cut off by debris. While it is believed he was mistaken, efforts are being redoubled to reach the spot.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“The arrival of extra undertakers from Wheeling and the increase of morguers has lightened the work for those who have been on duty from the beginning.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

Water from the downpour rains and overflowing creeks have gotten into mines through the enlarged portals, fissures and toad holes.

~2:30 am

At #8:

“The body of Thomas Killeen, one of the victims of the terrible mine disaster at Monongah, was recovered from Mine No 8 Wednesday morning at 2:30 o’clock. It will be brought to Clarksburg Thursday morning for burial. Killeen’s body was badly mangled; one side of the face being crushed and the abdomen was also crushed. The body was also scorched from the explosion. The body was taken to the morgue and identified and after it was prepared for burial it was removed to the home of the family in Monongah. Mr. Killeen was 43 years old and leaves a widow and five children. The oldest child’s name is Martin and he is about twelve years old. Mary and Kate are the next two older children. Killeen was a son of Patrick Killeen who makes his home with the family at Monongah and a brother of Martin Killeen. He was a brother-in-law of Patrick Martin of this city.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

Through the night

Inside the mines:

“Horrible sights greet the working party.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“In one room there were found two arms neatly severed from the body, of which there was not the slightest trace.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“In other rooms are found missing limbs and a few heads.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“One body was found seated with a lunch basket before it, while one arm was raised in the act of delivering a spoonful of beans to the mouth. Death came so quickly that the body grew instantly rigid in that position.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

At the morgue:

CDT 12.11.07 - pg 1 - Monongah 2 — CDT 12.11.07 pg 1

“Reports to the office of the Fairmont Coal Company here from mines Nos 6 and 8 at Monongah, the scene of last Friday’s death-dealing explosion, Wednesday morning state that the rescue work continued all last night and was without special feature or incident.” (GDS 12.13.07 pg. 4)

“A number of bodies brought out did not bear the brass checks used in the company’s system of records and accounts of a majority of its employees, thus sustaining the statements that a large number of men and boys in the mines were not included in the checking rolls on which estimates of the dead were largely based. There is reason to believe that the number will not fall short of 500.” (FCT 12.13.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

Rain and snow continue to fall, casting the entire valley in gloom. “The snow is quite welcome today after an experience with rain and mud for a day or two.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

~6:00 am

“Most of the mines in the Fairmont and Clarksburg regions have a full run of empty cars for loading and the work has about resumed its normal condition. The independent mines are working although at some points all of the men are not back at work. The Fairmont Coal Company mines have resumed work except mine No. 2 and the ill-fated mines, Nos 6 and 8.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“When Wednesday’s force of rescuers went on duty there had been a total of 225 bodies taken out, most of which have been buried. Others were brought out in groups of two and three at short intervals.” (FCT 12.13.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

A number of men are sent up from New England and Gaston mines as well as about 20 miners from Frostburg to assist in the search work. (FWV 12.11.07 pg. 8)

“There are few people around today and this aids the men at work. The big crowds that rushed to the scenes were a hindrance to every part of the work.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“Twenty-three bodies which were unidentified were buried in potter’s field. All the bodies were hauled to the cemetery in road wagons through mud. Fifty-five grave diggers are kept constantly busy.” (RP 12.11.07 pg. 1)

Inside the mines:

“A number of bodies were brought to the surface and others were located in the mine. The exact number recovered during the night has not been reported to the officers here.” (GDS 12.13.7 pg. 4)

South side of #8 has been entirely explored and all bodies from this section have been removed. Efforts shift to the North side to do the same. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“The carcasses of horses and mules in the mines will not be taken out but destroyed by the use of chemicals.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Strange noises heard in the mine late last night gave some color to a report that there were living men in some part of the mine, but the workmen this morning found nothing.” (EJ 12.11.07 pg. 7)

At the morgue:

“At the morgue the scenes are pathetic. Many relatives wait about—in fact, many have stationed themselves in front of the door—hoping every dead cart will bring the body of the missing one who was so dear to them. In the driving snow and rain little parties of Slavs and Italians, among the women and small children, stood for hours. One at a time the crowds dwindled down as bodies were identified and sent on to one of the man’s forlorn homes.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Inside the deadhouse the undertakers worked as rapidly as possible and when six or seven bodies were brought in at a time their systematic work was wonderful to see. Even while the embalmers worked on the bodies other men were searching the pockets of the victims clothing for trinkets, valuables and marks of identification.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Nothing, no matter how insignificant, escaped the notice of the men who examined the clothing. Every little trinket was stored away and many strange things have been collected. In the collection are false teeth, whipstocks, pipes, whistles, old coins, all sorts of strange looking knives and about every kind of trinket poor people could have.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“In the pocket of an unknown man a match box containing 13 matches was found. When they were counted there was significant silence.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

~9:00 am

In Fairmont:

The local German Beneficial Union announces it will cancel the 90-day clause of their contract and “will pay the policies taken out by men who were killed in the mine disaster immediately.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. )

In Clarksburg:

“With his strength about exhausted, William G Osborn, of the Clifford-Osborn undertaking firm, returned Wednesday morning from the scene of the Monongah mine disaster where he had been at work almost continually since last Friday assisting in preparing the dead for burial. From Thursday night last until Wednesday morning he had but five or six hours of sleep. After resting up he will return to Monongah and help the other undertakers.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

“The scene at Monongah today is but a repetition of the scenes of Monday and Tuesday except that the bodies are being brought out at shorter intervals today.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“Over fifty funerals were held Wednesday.” (FCT 12.13.07 pg. 1, McAteer)

“On each casket there was a bunch of American Beauty roses or white carnations. Miss Elizabeth Watson, daughter of S.L. Watson, treasurer of the coal company, sent them.” (FCT 12.13.07 pg. 1)

Rev. Father McEligott of Grafton is here giving words of comfort to the distressed and helping in any way that he can. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“The relief work is progressing in a satisfactory manner. A dozen relief stations are now in operation and supplies of all kinds are coming in rapidly and being as quickly disbursed.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

The company doctors are assigned to deal with shock among the widows. (McAteer)

“One Italian, whose body had not been found, is said to have had $300 in his possession when he left home.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

Inside the mines:

“The installation of additional fans has much improved the ventilation.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“In the caverns penetrated today conditions were found to be much better. There was an absence of gas and the deadly black damp to interfere with the searchers and the wreckage was not so great.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Members of the rescuing party stated that the average conditions of the bodies recovered is bad, heads being blown off, arms and legs broken and twisted, and fine pieces of coal imbedded in the bodies showing the terrific force of the explosion.” (PES 12.11.07 pg. 8)

~10:30 am

In Clarksburg:

“The body of Leslie Spragg, one of the victims of the mine disaster at Monongah, was brought to this city from that place on the 10:30 o’clock interurban trolley car Wednesday morning and buried in Holy Cross cemetery after services were held over it at the Church of the Immaculate Conception.

“Spragg’s body was recovered Tuesday night from Mine No 8 and after being taken to the morgue, prepared for burial and identified, was taken in charge by relatives and removed to the home of the family at Monongah and from there it was brought to Clarksburg. The body was burned from the explosion but not mangled.

“The dead man leaves a wife and two children. He formerly resided in Clarksburg but at the time of the disaster was making his home at Monongah. He was a son-in-law of John Hyland, of Monongah, who also resided here formerly, and was 32 years old.” (CDT 12.11.07 pg. 1)

In Fairmont:

“Telegraphic service at Fairmont has been under a heavy strain the last week. Monongah has no telegraph office and the fifty correspondents on the scene have to go to Fairmont, eight miles distant, where they file their copy. The Western Union is the only services here, the local manager being Mr. W.T. McWhorter. Under ordinary circumstances there is only one operator, but five extra men have been at work day and night. Over 150,000 words have been sent out. There is appreciation among the newspaper men of the promptness with which their copy was handled by the Fairmont office.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1 – 2)

In Monongah:

“The excitement of the first few days…has about subsided and the situation has settled down into a steady systematic search for the bodies of victims.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

“The officials of the Fairmont Coal Company have been constantly on the scene working as hard as the men with shovels and picks. In many instances they have gone thirty-six hours at a stretch without sleep, while President Watson and Vice President Wheelwright have been on duty day and night. Mr. Wheelwright, clad in a miner’s togs, with rubber coat, boots and hat, was out in the rain nearly all day.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

J.H. Wheelwright

C.W. Watson

“Two men who have rendered good service are Messrs. T.H. Bennett and J.R. Buckingham, who have handled a vast volume of detail associated with the direction of the rescue work.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Large pumps arrived at the mines from Pittsburg and were installed to remove water that had gotten into the mine from the river. The fires which at first threatened, and for a time did stop the work of rescue, have been controlled by shutting off the supply of air in the burning portions of the mines. However, all danger of further explosions is not past and no attempt will be made to reopen these sections of the mine until it is definitely ascertained that the fire had been extinguished.” (ES 12.11.07 pg. 2)

At the morgue:

“Although the bodies that are now being found are not so badly mangled or decomposed as the ones found in the main heading, they are not kept at the morgue long. Just as soon as the bodies are embalmed, they are sent to the room, where relatives of missing men can see the for the purpose of identification. If not claimed or identified they are hurried to the graveyard as known.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

*= Technically, one more survivor was found: John Tomko. John was found alive and responsive in #8 and fought off his rescuers, similar to Peter Urban. Though he was alive on his way out of the mine, he did not survive to make it to the surface. John’s brother, George Tomko was found “nearby”, but already deceased. George is body #56, John is processed through the morgue during the early hours of today and is listed as body #114. As of now, the Tomkos have not been included in this timeline as the entire timeline of their events is very unclear. The Tomkos will be discussed later in an “Issues” post in an effort to troubleshoot this event and try to get a more clear understanding of John’s experience.

More on How Death Gloated!

Tuesday, December 10, 1907, Evening – Night

“Death came suddenly to the Monongah miners, and it is probable that many of them were taken off without bodily pain. The greatest sufferers were and are the women who are left behind. The anguish of their hearts as they waited in awful suspense between hope and dread, only to realize at the last that their loved ones had perished, is known only to themselves and to the pitying God, who alone can give consolation. And they must suffer on haunted forever by the recollection of the terrible ordeal. This case is not exceptional. When the men are in peril, the women must agonize. Theirs but to wait and mourn…‘For men must work and women must weep.’” (TD 12.10.07 pg. 6)

Evening

At the mines:

Both mines are sufficiently cleared of foul gasses that recovery work progresses at a faster rate.

“Until Tuesday evening 142 bodies of the victims of the Monongah, W. Va., mine explosion had been rescued.” (CC 12.12.07 pg. 2)

In Monongah:

Several different parties of inspectors are formed to begin determining the cause of the explosion. One of the inspectors from Pennsylvania spends an entire week surveying and examining the mines. (McAteer)

“The various lodges and churches of Monongah have sustained heavy loss.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 6)

During the night:

In Iowa:

In Morgantown:

Mayor I.N. Lucas holds meeting for the citizens of Morgantown to render assistance to Monongah victims. (FWV 12.9.07 pg. ?)

N.C. Prickett, Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of West Virginia is in Monongah making arrangements for the relief of the distressed families of the order. The local lodges are working to relieve the sufferers. (FWV 12.11.07 pg. 8)

In Fairmont:

“There was a rumor about Fairmont last night to the effect that some of the miners might be alive in the mines. The gossip was that a workman had heard rapping noises on a pipe. J.H. Wheelwright, who has been at the mines since the explosion, declared he had heard none of the supposed rappings and that it was ridiculous to suppose that anyone within the mines could be alive.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

“When darkness fell tonight 141 bodies had been brought to the surface while many more were located with every prospect of the rapid work of recovery of the past twenty-four hours continuing throughout the night.” (News)

23 bodies are removed tonight. (FWV 12.11.07 pg.1)

“Owing to the inclement weather it was impossible to bury bodies in the regular Potter’s Field, on the top of a steep hill, and when this became known the Fairmont Coal Company turned over an acre of ground just behind the Polish church of Monongah and this is being used as a Potter’s Field.” (NYTb 12.11.07 pg. 11)

“The crowds of idlers who surged about the pit entrances…have been dwindling ever since the rainstorm last night until tonight there only remained the forces employed in the rescue work, the newspaper workers and the inconsolable near relatives of victims who have remained faithful in the vigil during the downpour all night and all day, still shivering and enduring the physical discomfort in the wet snow that succeeded the rain.” (AR 12.11.07 pg. 1) (LAH 12.11.07 pg. 7)

“The bad weather did not stop the grave-diggers for they toiled from morning until night. It was found that the wagons could not make the trips up the steep hills to the regular Potter’s Field, so the company donated an acre of ground near the Polish and Italian Catholic cemetery. Several of the unknowns were buried there but the first body interred was that of John A. Ringer, an American. His widow brought her child to the morgue and identified the body. She said she had no money to pay the burial expenses and that the body would have to be placed in the Potter’s Field.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“Another pathetic incident was the saving of the remains of Tom Donlin from the potter’s field by Mrs. A.J. Ruckman. The body was found on Tuesday night and passed by unidentified; his own little girl had looked at almost every body brought out, saying, ‘That’s not my papa.’” Luckily, Mrs. Ruckman manages to somehow recognize and identify Tom’s body, despite it being “mutilated”, before he is sent off with the others. (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

“Mr. Wheelwright said the rescuing squads were working close to the underground passageway which connects the two mines and that the men hope to be working in the passageway and will work toward each other.” (CET 12.11.07 pg. 1)

More on How Death Gloated!

Tuesday, December 10, 1907, Afternoon & News Hour

“The moment it is announced in town that bodies have been brought from the mines there is a renewed stir of expectancy and anxiety until the bodies have been viewed in the bank building. Relatives and friends press forward to get the first glimpse of the features of the dead, eye them closely and turn away in deeper sadness and depression, if they recognize them not. Recognition is followed by outburst of grief and distraction, which with some impends upon the very brink of insanity.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~12:00 pm

At the mines:

“At noon today the bodies of 146 of the men…had been taken out and it was said at that time that by the night a majority of those not buried under the debris would be removed.” (TMDM 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Snow and sleet fall all day long and “…miserable conditions prevail throughout this section.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Rescuing parties are able today to reach all parts of the mine.” (TMDM 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The work of rescue is being pushed along rapidly and by night it is expected most of the bodies will have been taken out.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“At noon today the company announced that at least three or four more days would be required to get all the bodies out, unless the work of recovery becomes still more rapid. There is every reason to believe that the bodies will be taken out even faster as all the brattices have now been installed and the air currents amply furnish opportunity to get into all the side headings and rooms.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The wide scope of territory to be searched, however, will prolong the search even beyond the next three or four days and the same may even extend into next week for scattering bodies.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Floyd Parsons leaves Grafton to return to Monongah “where he will continue his investigation until tonight, and he will then go to Pittsburg.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 2)

During the Afternoon

At the mines:

“…rescuers…in a sorry plight this afternoon. In a driving rain, which is more unpleasant and discouraging even than last night, the workers are, nevertheless, able to do more than yesterday as the smoldering fires have practically been put out…” (PP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“One young woman on Tuesday viewed the charred remains of the man she was to marry that day as they were brought from the fatal hill.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. )

In Monongah:

The Union Relief Association completes its own survey of the community.

“A canvas by women workers of Fairmont, completed today, develops the fact that practically 100 women who were made widows…are soon to be mothers. As a consequence of the fearful strain of the past few days, at least 20 of these women are seriously ill. 10 of the babies are said to have died unborn and into 30 or 40 of the little cottages physicians have been called within the last 24 hours. Four of the afflicted widows are at the point of death today…48 of the men killed were widowers with small children. There are 19 brides of 3 months. This feature of the disaster appealed to the women of Fairmont, who organized yesterday for relief. They called it the ‘Mother’s Work’ and enlisted the sympathies of woman friends and relatives in Fairmont and nearby towns. Some of the prominent women, known throughout this section of the state, volunteered to assist financially at least, personally if possible.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“A count by the women has said to have developed nearly 900 fatherless children.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Out of 30 houses on Camden Ave., 27 didn’t have a man left in them.

“Deeper and more hopeless depression now seems to have seized the town of Monongah.” (TMDM 12.10.07 pg. 1)

The Monongah Verdi Brass Band suffers greatest loss from the disaster. “This was a very proficient musical organization of the mining town and had gained a reputation for the discoursing of high-grade music.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 6)

Professor Verdi disbands the group and will be returning to Italy. (McAteer)

“Undertaker R.C. Jones came down from Monongah today to attend to business matters. Mr Jones stated that he had found it necessary to send for three extra men to aid in the embalming the bodies from the Monongah mine. Two men are expected from Wheeling and one from Parkersburg.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 5)

“Many bodies are being buried direct from the mine entrance, while others were buried yesterday either from the residences or from Catholic churches.” (TMDM 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~3:30 pm

“Up to press time there were no official statements given out. The search work is being done with all possible dispatch. There is no one in destitution. All are being cared for and the relief organizations are doing effective work.” (FWV 12.10.09 pg. 1)

“Special guards are still on duty, while physicians under the direction of the Marion County Guards are looking after the injured.” (WT 12.10.07 pg. 11)

“There is not much change in the situation at Monongah today except that the mines are yielding up more of their dead. Of the 114 bodies that had been found up to 3:30 today, 13 bodies were unidentified, having nothing on them to indicate who they were.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The work of relief is becoming better systemized and is performed with much more ease on account of the crowds of curious having departed.” (WT 12.10.07 pg. 11)

~6:00 pm

Newspapers

The Fairmont West Virginian publishes a list those who have already contributed to the various relief funds and a rather unclear picture of #8 on the first page:

Floyd Parsons publishes his theories in FWV and Grafton papers. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 2)

C.W. Watson’s theory is also published. It is apparent he wrote it over the course of a few days and that Watson is utterly exhausted and overwhelmed. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 7)

Clarksburg Daily Telegram:

“Among the bad effects of the terrible mine disaster is the continuance of premature births. It is estimated that there has been more than forty of these since last Friday morning, when the explosion occurred. In some instances, the mothers have died.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 7)

Waterbury Evening Democrat:

“Chief State Mine Inspector J. W. Paul is quoted as saying he believes the explosion was started by an electric spark from runaway cars in the main entry. A string of these cars was piled up in the entry at the bottom of a slope.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

The Pittsburg Press:

The D.C. Evening Star:

“Many of the rescuers have been stricken with illness and it was found necessary to bring a number of recruits here from the George Creek district.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“…considerable suffering is likely to occur during the winter months and for such a contingency assistance should be available. Mayor W.H. Moore of Monongah has telegraphed to the headquarters of the organization here that contributions would be gratefully received.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

The Evening Journal in Deleware:

“During the great anthracite coal strike of 1903, George Baer, president of the Reading Railroad Company, said there were no particular dangers attached to the mining of coal. As a matter of course he gave out this piece of information to offset the claim of the miners, and when he uttered the words he either falsified or exhibited his ignorance. The terrible calamity at Monongah, West Virginia, is the answer to his statement. How long will God’s children permit such men as George Baer to fool them is the question I would like someone to answer. Sincerely yours, William John Hogan. Wilmington, December 8” (EJ 12.10.07 pg. 4)

The Hawaiian Star, page 3:

Lake County Times in Indiana prints:

“The coal company officials have adopted a scheme of news suppression. The men in the rescue shifts were given explicit orders not to talk to any outsiders, and the policemen around the temporary morgue were told to allow no newspaper men to enter. The explosion, therefore, takes on a propriety air—it belongs exclusively to the Fairmont Coal Company.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8)

“There is no doubt that there is a serious fire in No. 8 and that the work of rescue in that mine has been hampered. The smoke of it was visible over the mouth of the shaft on Sunday and all miners were ordered out.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8)

“The people were driven away from the mouth of the mines by the authorities because they feared another explosion. The miners themselves confessed that the smoke inside the shaft was practically unbearable.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8)

“’I don’t know why they should deny it,’ said one of the miners this morning. ‘It does not do any harm and we have it under control right now. Neither do I understand why they will not allow us to take the bodies out as fast as we find them. Yesterday we found and dug out thirty bodies. We placed them all in a row, according to the company’s orders. Then the fire drove us out and the bodies are there yet. Many of them are so torn up that they cannot be recognized. But I’m pretty sure I recognized Tom Duval and John Bloner. Somebody else said that Nick Sandy was there, too, but I did not see anything that looked like him. Several of the ones we dug out were trapper boys.’” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8)

Albuquerque Citizen publishes 2 pictures:

“Who is guilty? Is a question newspaper men and others are asking. The only answer obtainable is the echo, ‘guilty’.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Theory follows theory regarding the cause.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“A possible explanation which old miners give is that a string of coal cars, breaking loose, plunged down the tunnel and probably crashed into a lot of dynamite, which is taken into the mines in 50-pound lots. This, it is thought, caused an explosion which in turn exploded the first collection of deadly coal dust, wrecking both mines.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Another story, and one that is given credence despite the fact that every effort to hush it has been made, is that a connection was made between the two mines, and that the gases rushing together exploded.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“This is West Virginia’s fourth mine horror in 10 months and the governor has promised swift punishment if negligence has been shown.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“A New York correspondent, who was hurried to the scene of the recent big disaster by his paper, wrote a short description—a word picture of the flight of the women and children left to shift for themselves by the sudden taking off of their husbands and fathers and sons and brothers.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“The men who died in the mine met a merciful fate as compared to the ones they left behind.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“A flash and it was all over, so far as they were concerned. They were stricken down in nearly every instance without a minute’s warning and with no time in which to suffer.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“But up above, in the little mining town, were women and children whose sufferings will only be cured by time.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“Writing of these—the ones who bore real suffering, the New York correspondent in his paper said:

‘The tragedy of the wives, mothers, the sisters and sweethearts of the victims of this awful mine horror is the tragedy of the mine women the world over.

‘Her whole life is one of apprehension. And when at last the blow falls, her lot is to wait and suffer, to hope against hope, to meet the worst with such courage as God has given her, to take up the miserable battle of life again single handed and to retain her faith in Omnipotence if she may.

‘There is a grewsome sameness in these mine horrors which differ only in detail, the number of dead, the periods of heart wringing uncertainty, the waiting women must endure, the pitiable harvest of widows and orphans that is left. There is always the same agonizing despair, the same utter hopelessness.

‘The surmounting of it all centers about the newly made orphans who do not understand. They follow their mothers to the pit mouth, where the rope cordon keeps back the swaying crowd and upon the strange shifting scene of woe with inexplicable tearless wonder written in every line of their little faces. Perhaps it is their common fate in the years to come, but mercifully they do not know.

‘For hours, long, agonizing, almost never-ending hours, the women weep and wait before the first return party of rescuers, smoke-blackened and dirt-begrimed, emerges from the yawning mouth of this subterranean hell. The first revolution of the throbbing engine starts a quiver of alternating hope and fear in every heart, there is the distracted babble of many tongues, but above and over and through it all the woman’s cry of heartbreak.

‘Perhaps they bring only a comrade who has been overcome by the dread black damp in his heroic effort to rescue. Mayhap they bring a body, burned and blackened, the arms crooked over the scorched, coal-pitted face in a last pitiable effort at protection. Be it the one or the other, the first sight of the inanimate body opens the long pent-up floodgate of that awful terror which has held them in its thrall. Here is all the horror of the inferno itself; here seems the concentrated agony of the universe.

‘And so it is until the bodies are all removed. Perhaps some are still missing after a week, but haunting the pit-mouth, even as the myriad tolling of the bells tells its own mute story, are the women of the dead, faithful to the last, waiting and weeping and suffering as is their fate.

‘And the real tragedy of it all is only begun. The woman has lived and obeyed and suffered. Now does her real trials begin. She has children, perhaps; boys big enough to be door-tenders and oilers, who to help her in her fight to keep the wolf from the door, must go into the pit where their father went down to death. If there be babies, only so much the worse.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

The Stark County Democrat in Ohio attempts to correct rumors:

“The force of the explosion was awful. Fifty bodies, at least, have been blown to atoms. One motorman had his head cut off at the neck.”

“Charles D. Wise’s body was blown to atoms. His overcoat and shoes alone were recovered. Wise represented Senator J.N. Camden of Parkersburg, who owned the mines, and the Fairmont coal company paid him five cents a thousand royalty as the coal was mined.” (SCD 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Advices from Monongah, W. Va., last night were to the effect that the body of Charles Wise, civil engineer and brother of Lorin C Wise, the local attorney, had not been removed from the mine in which he was making an inspection at the time of his supposed death. There were contradictory reports out, some to the effect that the body had been found and others that it had not. The latter statement proved to be the truth.” (SCD 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Attorney Wise left for Monongah the night he heard of the mine accident and of his brother’s probable death. Since that time numerous messages have been received from him.” (SCD 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“At the mine, waiting for the searchers to find the engineer, either dead or alive, are, besides Attorney Wise, the wife and two children of the missing man. The wife had not given up hope of her husband’s safety yesterday afternoon and had their home prepared for his coming. She said, however, that if he is found dead she wants the body taken home as soon as [text missing] where the funeral will be held is not yet known but it is thought it will be in West Virginia at the home of the engineer.” (SCD 12.10.07 pg. 1)

The Salt Lake Herald:

“The hearts of the people of Utah will go out to the stricken ones, for the disaster of May 1, 1900, at Scofield, is still fresh in the minds of this people. And there is a striking similarity in the causes.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“The Scofield catastrophe was caused by an explosion of coal dust. That at Monongah seems to have come from the same cause.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“The great different between the two is in the rescuing of the bodies of the unfortunates who lost their lives. At Scofield, where 299 perished, it was possible to go into the mine almost immediately. At Monongah the deadly after-damp is seriously hampering the work of the rescuers. It is in connection with this rescue work that a bright light is cast over the gloom.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“According to the dispatches the men who form the rescue parties, though thoroughly cognizant of the danger of suffocation, are valiantly battling to bring forth the bodies of their comrades. There has been no hesitation, no halting, no falling back. Ten men are said to be dying as a result of their attempts at rescuing bodies. Every one, if he lives, should be given a medal for bravery and the families of those that die should be cared for.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“Another bright feature of these situation is the prompt relief that is being given to the families of the men who were lost. Every case of distress and there must have been many, have been relieved, and all that is humanly possible is being done for the afflicted. This was done also in Utah. The public remembers that we took care of our own without help from outside sources.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“There will be time enough later for investigations with a view to fixing the responsibility for the disaster. And, if the responsibility can be fixed, the guilty party should be made to suffer the extreme penalty of the law.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

Times Dispatch in Virginia:

“It is distressing beyond the power of words to express that several hundred men who had the hardihood and industry to dig the coal from the bowels of the earth for the world’s benefit should have been caught in the mine, like so many rats in a hole, and smothered to death.” (TD 12.10.07 pg. 6)

“There is necessarily some risk in mining, but the public and the legislative bodies should demand that this risk be reduced to the minimum by the use of scientific agencies of prevention.” (TD 12.10.07 pg. 6)

The Evansville Press in Indiana:

Lincoln Journal Star in Nebraska:

New Castle Herald in Pennsylvania:

More on How Death Gloated!

Tuesday, December 10, 1907, Morning

“This is the day of ‘little mothers’ in Monongah. The little girls tend the babies, wait on the sick and get what bits of food there are.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~7:30 am

The Fairmont West Virginian predicts even more rain for today and tonight, followed by snow and slightly cooler weather (12.10.07 pg. 1)

“It has been raining here steadily since last evening and wretched conditions prevail throughout this section today.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1) (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

“The stench from decomposed bodies in the mines is becoming almost unbearable to rescuers. The stench is made worse because thirty-six horses were also killed in the mines.” (GWA 12.12.07 pg. 7)

“Many rescuers have become sick. One hundred and fifty miners from the mines in George Creek district have been summoned here to assist in the rescue work.” (GWA 12.12.07 pg. 7)

“The health officers fear an epidemic of fever, due to the decaying bodies of the men and the animals caught in the mine, and have prepared to enforce heroic measures if it becomes necessary. Quicklime will be taken into the mine and scattered over the bodies if conditions become much worse.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The crowds of idlers who surged about the pit entrances…have been dwindling ever since the rainstorm last night…” (AR pg. 1) (LAH 12.11.07 pg. 2) (SFC 12.11.07 pg. 1)

“The mud at the opening of the mines is several inches deep and has been trodden by the great crowds into a perfect quagmire, through which the men with the stretchers have to carry the dead. In conveying one of the recovered bodies down to the railroad tracks this morning a stretcher bearer slipped and the inanimate burden, which was wrapped in a blanket, was thrown into the mud. The sight of it gave the crowd a convulsion.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

At the morgues:

“Bodies brought from mines Nos 6 and 8 …during last night carried the list of victims beyond the hundred mark, and others are being carried into the morgue in intervals.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

2 men taken out this morning had some money on them: #101 – Salvadore Lobbs had $150 in a belt strapped around his leg and #110 – Andy Morris had $23.19 in his pocket-book. This brings the total amount of money found on the miners to $200.19. Money is in the hands of the coroner as are all other things that are found. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

In Fairmont:

J.E. Sands, cashier of First National Bank, receives a check for $500.00 from the City Bank of Wheeling and a check for $100.00 from the Second National Bank of Cumberland, MD and $100 through Mr. Zack Robertson from a friend in Wheeling. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

In Grafton:

Floyd Parsons “came up from Fairmont” and gives the Grafton Republican newspaper his statement “concerning the horror…”. Floyd was employed as chief engineer in the mines that exploded at Rush Run some months ago and in which he narrowly escaped death. Later he entered into special examinations of mine disasters for the journal he now represents. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 2)

~8:00 am

“Carrying out orders from officials of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, a force of between forty and fifty trackmen that have been working on the railroad between this city and Parkersburg, left Clarksburg Tuesday morning on the interurban trolley line for Monongah to assist in digging graves for the dead that are taken from Monongah mines Nos 6 and 8. The men took picks, shovels and other tools with them and as soon as they arrived at Monongah they proceeded to the cemeteries and began work digging graves. The men were called to this city from various points along the railroad between Parkersburg and this city where they had been working.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

Milroy “Toy” Watkins is taken from Monongah to Montana for burial. The brother of Will Watkins, “…hearing that his brother was in No 6 mine went to work to help find him and he did not give up until he had found him and recognized him by a pair of black patent leather shoes and a black sateen shirt.” (FWV 12.12.07 pg. 2)

The Marion County Board of Health issues an order to advance the burial procedures. Viewing and ID opportunities for families and friends are limited to 4 hours maximum, no matter the condition of the body. The new accelerated ID and burial process cause many burials to occur immediately, without funeral masses. Catholic parishes hold whatever services they can at graveyards. (McAteer)

~9:00 am

On the far east side of Fairmont:

“Impressive were the services conducted by Rev. Hess” for Toy Watkins which takes place at the United Brethren church at Montana. He was the son of Mr. Willis Watkins and was a grandson of Mr. and Mrs. John Freeman, “an aged and respected couple residing at Montana and was related to many people living in and around Hoult and Montana.” Toy is survived by “4 brothers and 2 sisters; his mother having died about one year ago.” He is also survived by wife, Gettie Hyson Watkins, of Simpson, “who is very poorly in Cook Hospital, she being almost prostrated by the awful shock and untimely end of her husband.” (FWV 12.11.07 pg. 2)

In Monongah:

“Shock and grief have already destroyed many of the little unborn lives. Many women are so distraught with suffering that they forget all about their children.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Funeral after funeral is being held at the churches in Monongah. The funeral cars are on the move most of the time. The unknown dead are being buried in the potter’s field near the Polish Catholic church.” (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Over 70 bodies are interred throughout the day. Some of them get funerals at the church, particularly those who could be preserved, but due to the condition of so many of the bodies brought out in the past hours, more frequently they are simply taken to one of the cemeteries. If identified, a small prayer is said; if not they are just buried. (McAteer) (news)

“The relief work is well under way and will soon be systemized. There is now plenty of food but there is urgent need of clothing in many families. Cash funds are being raised in many places and installments have already been forwarded from some points. The coal companies of this district have contributed $20,000 cash.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Thirty-seven funerals were held Monday and a number today. One body was sent to the cemetery followed by one lone woman, the widow, who had stood for days at the mines waiting for it.” (GWA 12.12.07 pg. 7)

At the mines:

“Every day since the explosion, hands, legs and arms have been removed. The stench from the decomposed bodies in the mines is becoming almost unbearable. This is one of the greatest difficulties which the rescuers have to overcome.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Up to nine o’clock this morning one hundred and one bodies have been removed from the Monongah mines, thirty-one having been taken out since midnight.” (CET 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~10:00 am

In Clarksburg:

“Charles McKane, aged 28 years, one of the Monongah mine victims, was buried in Holy Cross cemetery here at 10 ‘clock Tuesday forenoon. McKain’s body was found in one of the rooms of No. 8 mine and was taken from the mine shortly after midnight. With others it was conveyed to the morgue at Monongah and prepared for burial. It was then sent to his late home in that town arriving there at 2:30 o’clock, and Tuesday morning it was brought up on the interurban and buried. Relatives and friends accompanied the body. Mr. McKain’s body was not mutilated. It is evident he smothered to death. He leaves a wife and one child.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 3)

“Mayor L.C. Crile announced Tuesday morning that all moneys received at the council chamber in response to his proclamation calling for donations for the relief of the Monongah mine suffered, would be turned over to the Telegram relief fund, and due credit will be given to each donor. The donations will be published in the Telegram daily. A list of all the donors who leave supplies, provisions, clothing, etc., at the mayor’s office for the Monongah mine sufferers will be published each evening in the Telegram also. Donations are coming in freely and they should continue so for there are many unfortunate women and children left in destitute circumstances by the awful disaster.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

In Monongah:

“Quite a number of Bridgeport people today went to the scene of the great mine disaster at Monongah. Some went for the mere sake of seeing, while others went with the hope of getting tidings from relatives and friends who were employed at the ill-fated mines.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 7)

“There is no change in the demeanor of the people of the stricken town except that the gloom of sadness and sorrow deepens all the time. Funeral after funeral was held today, mostly at the Catholic cemeteries, where scenes are most sad. After loved ones have been identified at the morgue and prepared for burial, hundreds of women and children gather at the cemeteries on the hill instead of going to the churches and await the arrival of the dead.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Women were found today weak from pain, who are also suffering from lack of proper nourishment. Some of the Fairmont women have depleted their own stores of winter supply food in relieving the distress.” (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Ever since the explosion the most heroic action has been displayed on all sides by the women who despite their great stress and suffering, clung to their children. From the start they realized that the little tots were to becomes a serious burden, but on all sides could be heard the same sentiment, they would rather die than give up their children.” (CET 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Some of the widows have no relations in America, for many came to Monongah with their husbands from the old country. Others came as sweethearts, years ago, after the lovers had made enough money to send for them. And while their married lives began here, they apparently prefer, in their distress, the old homes far away.” (CET 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“There are not many of the women who can now find any charms about Monongah, and although foreigners, most of them want to return to their native country, feeling that the few short years of the country of liberty has brought them nothing but grief and suffering.” (CET 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Special correspondent for the United Press, Dorothy Dale, and her photographer are approached by “the brightest Italian girl in the settlement”, Faustina Davia (last name reported as “Daria”).

Faustina close up Wilkes-Barre Times - 12.14.07 pg 1 — Faustina Davia

Faustina is the oldest child and only daughter of Victor and Catherina Davia (DaVia). Victor was a “day man” working in #6 at the time of the explosion and was recorded as the 15th body recovered from the mines and to go through the morgue. He was identified by George Gibbons at the Italian Catholic church in Monongah sometime on Monday, though it is generally known that none of the family got to actually view and confirm that the body which was buried in Row A Grave 9 of the Italian Catholic cemetery contained Victor’s actual remains. (Tropea) (News) (McAteer) (Loss) (Amos)

“’Please you get something for me, I can do.’ A little hand touched my arm. A curl-framed face of a girl of 10 looked into my face. ‘You know mans all dead. Boys all dead. Only girls left to work.’ Do you know the half apologetic half appealing look of the trembling old man who shoved out of his life’s track by younger men—the man who begs you to buy matches or shoestrings? Well, that was the expression in the old young eyes of little ten-year-old Faustina Daria. Faustina was in the sixth grade the day before the explosion. That is ages ago to her.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

At the mines:

“With 112 bodies on the surface at 10 o’clock today, 25 more ready to be brought out of Mine No 6 and 4 awaiting removal from Mine No 8. It was expected that the total number of bodies recovered from the wrecked mines by noon would be 140.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The rescuers are working the right side of mine No. 8, where, it is thought, a majority of the bodies yet in the mine will be found.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1) (RIA 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The rescue work is being pushed and before night it is expected that most of the bodies will have been taken out.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1) (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~11:00 am

In East Monongah:

The General Relief Committee holds a meeting at the First National bank, which is currently operating as the primary morgue, and passes an order that the receipts and disbursements of the committee be published in the Fairmont papers from day to day. (McAteer)

Bishop Donahue of Wheeling and Judge Mason are added to the General Relief Committee. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Donahue has “visited many of the homes of miners and found so many children made orphans by the disaster that he immediately took up the work of providing homes for them. He will arrange to have as many as can be accommodated sent to the orphanages maintained by the church at Huntington and Wheeling.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

In West Monongah:

Faustina Davia has taken Dorothy Dale and her photographer to her family’s three-room house on Walnut Avenue.

“‘See my Ma, Resta, Kipling, Georda and Ojgenia to work for,’ as she pointed at the group on the steps. ‘My pa make $2 a day,’ she explained. ‘And wasn’t it awful; three days he was home with a hurt on his back, and Friday he went in again and—and—’. But even the brave lips of strong hearted women of ten sometimes give way. The little figure crouched against the wall and quivered with sobs. ‘You know we paid $5 rent and had lard and cheese and bologna,’ she said with pride. The child spoke as rich people spoke of automobiles and theatre parties. And there was little Faustinas in almost every house in Monongah.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“I tell you there is nothing that makes one’s heart go out more to that stricken people than the way tiny girls put their little shoulders to the burdens that their mothers can not bear.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Wilkes-Barre Times - 12.14.07 pg 1 — Photo taken of the Davia family on the porch of their home.

1909 ID photo — Photo of Davia family at Ellis Island. Catherina and her family is the focus of this author’s historic fiction, therefore, there will soon be areas of this site which will be dedicated solely to her story.

~11:30 am

“At eleven thirty, one hundred and thirteen bodies have been taken from the mine by rescuers. The bodies of those taken out since daylight are in good condition, and many were identified.” (CET 12.10.07 pg. 1)

More on How Death Gloated!

Tuesday, December 10, 1907, Midnight – Dawn

“Every decade has had its horrors and every decade will have them until the end of time. It seems sometimes that the decades that have passed and gone were angelic compared to the present, but such is not the case.

“The terrible mine disaster at Monongah is still fresh in our minds, and it will remain fresh for many days for the parties of rescuers have scarcely begun to find the bodies of the victims of that catastrophe.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 4)

~12:00 am

At the mines:

“At midnight a total of sixty-six bodies had been brought from the two wrecked mines at Monongah.” (BEB 12.10.07 pg. 7)

“The bodies taken out…were for the most part in bad condition, being maimed and blackened, and besides, many of them were far advanced in decomposition.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The work of rescue is daily becoming more difficult and dangerous. To the dangers of fire damp and explosive gases generated by the fire in Mine No 8 are now added the odors peculiar to decomposing bodies. The health of the rescue parties is endangered, and it is with the utmost difficulty that they are able to face these new terrors of the mines.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8) (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“…men who were unafraid to work 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours at a stretch if there were hope or help in it. This mustering of the minute men of the coal pits is one of the finest things in industrial life in America today. Some come because of the good pay there is in it, and some because of the adventure, but for many it is the response of working men to a human call stronger and more stirring than either of these.” (Kellogg)

“Now, it having been determined that there can be no living men in the mine, the state and federal authorities have ordered a cessation of the rescue work. They rightly cannot see the necessity of sacrificing the living for the dead. But it is a notable fact that the work would have gone on, regardless of danger, if the authorities had not intervened. The men were willing and anxious to risk their lives, even though they knew they could not save lives by so doing.” (SLH 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“The coroner and his deputies remain constantly upon the scene, viewing the bodies as they come out, but no date has been set or other arrangements made for taking testimony or other features of the inquest.” (ES 12.10.07 pg. 1)

Inside the mines:

“Men are working incessantly.” (WH 12.11.07 pg. 3)

“They carried pick and shovel, but the weapons that for the most part they had to rely on were boards and canvas and cement and a spinning fan at the mine mouth.” (Kellogg)

These men “…must go ten feet ahead and try; must hold canvas barricades against the after-damp till their arms ached, while the brattices slowly went up; and all the time must forage for death in that breathless sweater, finding it in a disemboweled mule, or the charred, crushed thing that had been a miner, or a headless trapper boy, or an empty shoe.” (Kellogg)

“After the bodies are located, the rescuers say the most difficult part of the work is encountered. The bringing out of the bodies, a distance of a mile or more through the underground workings, it is tedious on account of meager facilities.” (WH 12.11.07 pg. 3)

“There has been considerable apprehension that the work of rescue might be stopped on account of the many carcasses of horses and mules in mines Nos 6 and 8, but so far there has been little trouble from this source, and the stench has not been sufficient to overcome the workers.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The official reports show that there were eleven horses and mules in No 6 mine and 38 in mine No 8. All were killed.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Health authorities fear an epidemic of fever due to the decaying bodies of the men and the animals caught in the mine and have prepared to enforce heroic measures if it becomes necessary.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

At the morgues:

By an order of the County Board of Health, mutilated bodies are to be kept 3 hours for ID and at the expiration of that time shall be interred. The order has increased the anxiety of relatives of the victims who are eager for the news concerning the recovery of bodies. (FWV 12.10.07 pg. 1)

At #6:

“There was pathos enough in the scenes at the mines while the bodies were taken out to make a nation weep.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Early in the morning they took the body of a small boy about eleven years old from Mine No. 6. He bore on his begrimed little face a look of peace and happiness that doubtless never marked it in life.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8) (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The little body they took out was that of a weakling, a mere child, who in life probably did not possess enough strength to lift a bushel of coal. But his hands were knarled and his shoes were those of a man laborer, rough and tough and hobnailed.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8) (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1 & 2)

“It was identified as John Yaconis, and taken to the tumble-down shack up in Red Row over the mine, where a stony faced little woman kissed it till her face was black from the charred flesh.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“’Devil Johnny’ they called him, but there was nothing devilish about him. At 12 the stunted little overalled figure trudged every morning to the mines where he was a trapper. At 13 he died in those mines.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Another body, that of the boy’s father, Franco Yaconis, is still concealed in one of those underground rooms.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“There are other little trapper boys, they say, in the hideous catacomb back under the hills, boys that have never known the delight of tops and marbles, and whose best comrades are the slow and patient mules that haul the black cars down the drifts.” (LCT 12.10.07 pg. 8) (RP 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“’My man ask for boy getta job. Company give it even to so little boy.’ Said the mother. The labor law of West Virginia requires a child to be 14 before he may work, and the white faced Monongah woman says that Johnny’s case was many a boy’s case. At any rate there are no boys of that age on the Monongah streets.” (NCH 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~6:00 am

At the mines:

“Seventy-six dead bodies had been taken from the ill-fated Monongah mines when work was resumed today.” (WT 12.10.07 pg. 11)

“Mothers, wives, sisters, and children gathered at the entrance of the mines until driven away by the company’s police.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“It is believed that the preliminary work of the rescuers has at last been completed…brave fellow workingmen to the number of hundreds have been risking their lives for nearly 96 hours.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“There is now no fire in either mine and the air is such as not to materially interfere in the work. The order at the mines is perfect and the rescue work goes systematically on, notwithstanding the steady downpour of rain and deep mud.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“The company issued a statement yesterday saying later developments lead them to believe only 260 men were in the mines when the explosion occurred, but the miners insist that 406 men were checked…besides many having duties in the mine who are not under the checking system.” (OES 12.10.07 pg. 4)

“No man can write down in words the story of the pitiful grief and mental suffering that was witnessed during the hours I stood surrounded but those whose loves ones lay cold in death far beneath their feet in the workings of those wrecked mines.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“Monongah is today a fatherless, husbandless village. In a moment the largest mining village in West Virginia was shorn of its bread-providing population as lint is swept by a white hot tongue of flame.” (AC 12.10.07 pg. 1)

~7:00 am

“Today dawned with the bright prospects for bringing to the surface a majority of those still in the workings, deep in the bowels of the hills and far from the entrances.” (WED 12.10.07 pg. 1)

“A story started last night that rats were in the mines gnawing the bodies of victims, but it was too ridiculous to receive much credit. Doubtless there were numerous rodents in the mines at the time of the accident, as there always are in mines, but that even a rat escaped the awful death strike, when the explosion came is not at all possible. There has not been any opportunity since for rats to get into the mines as the entrances have had men constantly at them and hence there could be none within. Besides the bodies recovered shows no sign of the presence of rats in the mines.” (CDT 12.10.07 pg. 3)

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